Hi blucken,
Phew, you've posted quite the challenge (as you know!). My answer
includes "the total number of water utility providers" whereever
possible, but where that number remained elusive, I've posted links to
information which I feel give a good overview regarding the supply of
water for that country. Please click on the links for more
information.
1) NIGERIA: Federal Ministry of Water Resources
Utility Privatization and the Poor: Nigeria in Focus
"Relief from the failure of public providers often comes through the
informal sector. The best-known examples are private water vendors who
use trucks or smaller receptacles to haul water either for
distribution at central locations or to individual dwellings. In some
places, private vendors served 90 percent of households, and in
several places purchases of water from private sources amounted to
more than 30 percent of household income. It is important to note that
a very large proportion of poor households cannot afford the cost of
water from these private sources and has to resort to drawing water
from streams and other unhygienic sources. It is against this
background that agitation has mounted for private sector involvement
in the provision of utility."
"The Federal Government promotes the policy while State Governments,
which constitute the second tier of government in a three-tier federal
structure in Nigeria, are primarily resonsible for the provision of
water. Most of them set up agencies, which operate under resource
constrains occasioned by lack of independence in decision-making,
inadequate budgetary allocation, and severe political interference.
They also lack both the ability and willingness to fix and collect
tariffs, nor could they prosecute those engaged in illegal
connections. All these result in unsatisfactory performance,
especially with respect to poor service delivery and waste on the part
of customers. Hence, most SWAs are not commercially viable."
"Today, the majority of Nigeria's population is not connected to
large-scale systems of water supply. Rather, it relies on traditional
forms of supply (from streams or wells) or on boreholes sunk by
governments, individuals or through communal effort"
http://rru.worldbank.org/PapersLinks/Open.aspx?id=4697
2) AUSTRALIA: 479
"In 2000-01 there were 479 water providers in Australia, collectively
supplying 12,784 GL of mains water."
http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/9f319397d7a98db9ca256f4d007095d7?OpenDocument
Enviromental Information Australia
http://www.rirdc.gov.au/farmersguide/listings/ei.htm
3) BANGLADESH: 257 municipalities, 64 water districts
"The Government started its initial intervention in the water supply
and sanitation sector with the objective of gradually building an
effective service delivery mechanism about 62 years ago. After
independence, the Government laid emphasis on rehabilitation of
damaged water supply and sanitation services and installation of new
facilities in rural and urban areas through the Department of Public
Health Engineering (DPHE). Services were provided mostly free of
charge. The role of the users in decision-making, cost sharing and
operations and maintenance was negligible. However, subsequently user
participation increased significantly. Rural communities' are now
responsible for operation and maintenance of hand-pump tube-wells and
receive training for the purpose. The responsibility for installation,
operation and maintenance of urban water supply (excepting Dhaka,
Narayangong and Chittagong) was initially with DPHE only but now it is
shared with the Paurasabhas. Recent project-based activities in the
Paurasabhas and their involvement in planning, implementation and
management have had a positive impact on improvement of Paurasabha
capacity. Most of the Paurasabhas and the Union Parishads now have
Water Supply and Sanitation Committees (W A TSAN) comprising the user
communities for supervising water and sanitation related activities.
In addition to DPHE, the Local Government Engineering Department
(LGED) is also involved in planning and implementation of water and
sanitation services in certain Paurasabhas and growth centers
identified by the Planning Commission under selected projects. In 1983
Water Supply and Sewerage Authorities (W AS A) were established in
Dhaka and Chittagong cities. The responsibility of water supply,
sewerage and drainage in Dhaka city and water supply in Chittagong
city now rests with the respective W ASAs. In the year 1990
Narayanganj town was brought under the jurisdiction of Dhaka W ASA. In
Dhaka city water supply coverage is only 65% and sanitation coverage
is around 72%, of which 30% may be assigned to water borne sewerage.
But the average coverage conceals the intra- and inter-regional
disparities. The ratio of tube-well to persons is around 70 in the
shallow water table area; and 200 and 300 in the coastal and low water
table areas respectively. Pollution of surface water is increasing
because of imperfect water management and environmental pollution. The
recent detection of arsenic in ground water is an issue of grave
concern. To preserve environmental quality and to mitigate arsenic
contamination research and field surveys are being carried out.
The government is encouraging and supporting the involvement of other
partners, such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) market-
oriented business organizations and similar private organizations in
water and sanitation development. This combined promotional campaign
for better health and hygiene has increased the demand for tube-wells
and sanitary latrines. Due to increase of private sector its capacity
for production, installation and maintenance of tube-wells and
sanitary latrines has also increased. Materials for installing
tube-wells and spares for maintenance are produced by private
manufacturers and are available in the market in " abundance. The
materials which were imported before are now mostly manufactured in
the country. A number' of NGOs have devised and implemented innovative
and effective approaches for service delivery."
http://www.saciwaters.org/bd_national_policy_safe_water2.doc.
"...59 out of 64 districts in the country..."
http://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/arsenic/countries/bangladesh/mortoza/FACTSH4.html
"The Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives
through the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) is
implementing various projects of this programme both in urban and
rural areas. Four city corporations, 257 municipalities and all rural
areas are being covered by this programme, Ministry sources told BSS."
" They said safe drinking water is now being supplied in 91
municipalities and City Corporation areas while the scheme is under
implementation in 73 municipalities. Another 94 municipalities will be
covered by the programme soon."
http://www.bssnews.net/index.php?genID=BSS-05-2002-11-22&id=7
Rural Piped Water Supply in Bangladesh: Myth or Reality
http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/conferences/pdfs/30/Ibrahim.pdf
4) MALAYSIA: state water authorities including privatized state water authorities
"Water utilities in Malaysia are managed and overseen by individual
state water authorities, including State Public Works Departments,
State Water Supply Departments and State Water Boards. The state water
authorities are in charge of regulating water supply, maintaining
general waterways and water flow, and pipeline and drainage
maintenance.
The central Federal Public Works Department (which comes under the
Works Ministry) in Kuala Lumpur oversees the operations of the
individual state water authorities. Water supply in Malaysia consists
of 97% surface water, with groundwater making up the remaining 3%."
http://allmalaysia.info/msiacommerce/infrastructure/utilities.asp
"A new trend in a number of developing countries is the emergence of
national private water corporations, which are taking over public
utilities at a steady pace. In Malaysia, for instance, the government
seems determined to move ahead with privatisation, granting
concessions not to the EU-based water giants, but to Malaysia-based
operators. Some of these private companies are becoming transnational
corporations (TNCs) themselves. With the active support of the
Malaysian government, they are taking over water delivery not only in
South-East Asia, China and Africa, but even in the UK. Malaysia?s
water barons include the Ranhill Group, Puncak Niaga, Zencon and NS
Water, all of which are privately owned by wealthy Malaysian
businessmen."
In response to the Malaysian government?s plans to privatise water,
civil society groups point to the highly effective water utility
Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang (PBA) as an alternative model. Via
Public Utility "
http://www.waterjustice.org/uploads/attachments/attachment58.pdf.
Malaysia to Spend $13.2 Billion on Overhaul of Water, Sewage Services
http://www.wqpmag.com/wqp/index.cfm/powergrid/rfah=%7Ccfap=/CFID/1327835/CFTOKEN/98700106/fuseaction/showNewsItem/newsItemID/7634
"Water supply is undertaken by government agencies and privatized
water companies. The coverage for water supply is 99 percent for urban
areas and 77 percent in the rural areas."
http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/countries/malaysia/print1.stm
MALAYSIA: Nation Tightens Water Concessions
http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=11734
Quarterly Report on Water Industry Developments in Asia -- September 2002
http://www.mofo.com/news/news/files/article819.html
U.N. AGENDA 21 CHAPTER 18: PROTECTION OF THE QUALITY AND SUPPLY OF
FRESHWATER RESOURCES:
APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT
AND USE OF WATER RESOURCES
http://www.un.org/esa/earthsummit/malay-cp.htm#chap18
5) SOUTH KOREA: Multi-regional
"Starting with the First Stage Multi-regional Water Supply Project for
Seoul Metropolitan Areas, which was initiated in 1973 and finished in
1979, many multi-regional water systems have been built, providing
quality water to numerous cities on a stable basis. By the end of
1999, 45% of the population who receive water supplies are served by
the multi-regional water supply systems. Out of the 172 cities and
counties in the country, 63 cities and counties receive the benefit of
the multi-regional water supply systems. As of 1999, the water supply
capacity of the multi-regional waterworks is 10.58 million m3 per day
(3.86 billion m3 a year).
Considering the general features of water resources and the imbalance
of available water resources among geographical regions and
watersheds, it is strongly required to expand the multi-regional water
supply systems over the county."
http://www.water.or.kr/engwater/general/ewk_gel_dev_wide.html
"Waterworks are currently operated by local autonomy governments and
state-run companies. Putting operation in private hands has been
approved and carried out since 2001."
http://english.kfem.or.kr/
Water Resources in Korea
What are Multi-regional Water Supply Systems?
"These are supplying original water or purified water to two or more
autonomous localities. Water supplies are taken from water-rich areas
to water-poor areas, resulting in solving the imbalance in water
supplies."
http://english.kowaco.or.kr/
6) POLAND: 700
MODELS OF WATER UTILITY REFORM IN THE CENTRALAND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
"There are some 700 water and wastewater utilities in Poland, of which
about 300 serve cities and towns."
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/40/17/32509787.pdf.
7) RUSSIA: 50 private + municipalities
Privatisation and restructuring of water supply in Russia and Ukraine
"By mid-2004 private Russian operators controlled about 50 large
utilities and many other municipalities were negotiating with one
private financial group or another."
C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\russiawater_final_2.doc
"Currently private contracts are in force in 15 municipalities (about
8% of the urban population) and this could increase to 38 (16% of the
urban population)."
http://www.irc.nl/page/14668
"In Russia, the federal law on local government stipulates that the
organisation, maintenance, and development of municipal water supply
and sanitation are responsibilities of local governments, although
the central government retains ownership of a few systems (including
Moscow and St. Petersburg)."
"Since 2003 there has been rapid growth in the introduction of private
companies to take over the management and operations of water systems.
By mid-2004 private Russian operators controlled about 50 large
utilities and many other municipalities were negotiating with one
private financial group or another."
"Early attempts by municipalities to privatise water supply have
involved local companies being given contracts which are unclear and
unregulated ."
RUSSIAN WATER COMPANIES
Russian Communal Systems (RKS)
Russian Communal Systems (RKS) is the biggest and best known private
provider of communal services in Russia."
RKS has 26 subsidiaries, and has signed contacts with 37 Russian
public authorities in 16 Russian regions. Total number of current
contracts is 52, including 6 contracts in water supply and
sanitation."
Russian Communal Investments (RKI)
"RKI?s priorities are the regions in which Bazoviy Element has its
major assets. RKI establishes subsidiaries in those regions after
signing contracts with municipal authorities. The list of preliminary
agreements with municipal authorities has included six regions."
Rosvodokanal (Alfa Eco)
One of Alfa Eco?s first investment projects was Rosvodokanal, the
oldest Russian municipal utility which supplies water for many regions
of the Russian Federation for over 50 years. It is a successor of
Rosvodokanalnaladka Group established in 1949 with aim to provide
water and sanitation services in Russia. It has branches in 10 Russian
regions."
C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\2005-01-W-RussiaUkrainewater.doc
Housing and Communal Services in Russia: Completing the Transition to
a Market Economy
"Water and sewer systems are run mostly by municipalities, and in some
instances by the oblast."
http://www.worldbank.org.ru/ECA/Russia.nsf/0/45c4201c46171b5fc3256e27004536c7/$FILE/housing_eng.pdf
Russian water supply and sanitation: key issues
06/04/2005
"Selection of a management company for municipal water supply and
sanitation facilities will be carried out regionally, i.e. if a
company has shown itself at the regional market of one of the towns,
municipal water supply and sanitation facilities of the other region's
towns will be also placed in its management. There could be 7-10 such
big companies in Russia (starting from European countries experience).
In the medium-term future (over the next five years) water supply and
sanitation facilities of most Russian towns may be placed in the
management of these companies."
http://2006.sibico.com/?content=list§ion_id=66
8) FRANCE: 15,244
Organization of Water Management in France
"There are 15,244 water supply services and 11,992 sanitation services
for 36,763 communities."
http://www.oieau.fr/anglais/gest_eau/part_d.htm
"There are currently around 13,500 water distribution and 15,000
wastewater service areas."
http://www.pir.gov.on.ca/userfiles/page_attachments/Library/2/Study8-Ch4.pdf?N_ID=4?N_ID=2
9) GERMANY: 6700
Water Resources Management Country Profile Germany
3.4: Communal water resources management
"Central water supply and waste water discharge are traditional duties
of the communities under Federal State water acts. Germany has around
6700 small and medium sized water suppliers. The smallest 5000 of
these suppliers provide water to only 17% of the population."
http://grdc.bafg.de/servlet/is/911/Report27.pdf?command=downloadContent&filename=Report27.pdf
New Ways in Water Supply
"That this way of thinking reflects a European-wide trend shows a
comparison between countries. In Italy there are presently about
10,000 water suppliers, in Germany about 6,000, in Spain and Belgium
only 129 remain, or rather 139, and in the "model country of
privatisation", in Great Britain, even only 26."
http://www.aquamedia.at/templates/index.cfm/id/967
9) ITALY: 10,000
New Ways in Water Supply
"That this way of thinking reflects a European-wide trend shows a
comparison between countries. In Italy there are presently about
10,000 water suppliers, in Germany about 6,000, in Spain and Belgium
only 129 remain, or rather 139, and in the "model country of
privatisation", in Great Britain, even only 26."
http://www.aquamedia.at/templates/index.cfm/id/967
Italy Experience in Planning the Water Sector
"Within the establishment of a water resources management system in
Italy, the APQs demonstrated to be an extremely efficient tool to face
the managerial fragmentation of water services (nowadays Italy offers
more than 7800 service suppliers); this fragmentation still represents
one of the main obstacles to the full functionality of the Integrated
Water Service."
http://www.unep.org/GC/GCSS-VIII/Italy-IWRM.pdf
10) SPAIN: 23 - 33
New Ways in Water Supply
"That this way of thinking reflects a European-wide trend shows a
comparison between countries. In Italy there are presently about
10,000 water suppliers, in Germany about 6,000, in Spain and Belgium
only 129 remain, or rather 139, and in the "model country of
privatisation", in Great Britain, even only 26.
In our country this concentration process has not gone that far yet;
In Austria we still have about 4,000 water suppliers, but this number
does not include the small cooperatives. Including them, the number
increases to about 6,000 water suppliers."
http://www.aquamedia.at/templates/index.cfm/id/967
Water Price: The Sleeping Giant (Part II)
"There are 106 water suppliers in the country [Belgium] of which 48
were regrouped within Belgaqua, a Belgian Federation of the water
sector. Total water production in Belgium totaled 726 million cubic
meters and total in-country sales amounted to 577 million cubic
meters. Excess water production is exported to neighboring countries."
http://www.aquamedia.at/templates/index.cfm/id/3601
Additional Links of Interest:
The Water Page
http://www.thewaterpage.com/index.htm
Water Resources Links
http://paloweb.com/Science/Environment/Water_Resources/
Search Utility by country
http://www.eco-web.com/cgi-local/sfc?a=/info/index.html&b=/search
"PSPs have been initiated in high, middle and low-income countries,
including Argentina, Bolivia, China, Chile, Indonesia, Morocco, the
Philippines, Poland, South Africa, Thailand, and Turkey. The sector is
highly concentrated; ten private companies, based in OECD countries,
hold the majority of contracts."
http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~bakker/globaltrends.htm
Global Trends in Private Sector Participation
http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~bakker/globaltrends.htm
Impact of Infrastructure Privatization
http://rru.worldbank.org/PapersLinks/Impact-Infrastructure-Privatization/
I hope this helps and satisfies your request. If not, or if you have
any questions, please post a clarification request *before*
closing/rating my answer and I'll be happy to reply.
Thank you,
hummer
Google Search Terms Used: many, many, many - much too long to list
all. Basically, I search for words like, water suppliers companies
providers utilities infrastructure state authorities companies
authorities waterworks municipalities privatization utility, for each
country. |
