explain how the federal government is organized?

Dear Ibelyeu, 

As the word "Federal" implies, this is a form of government with "a
union of states in which sovereignty is divided between a central
authority and component state authorities. A federation differs from a
confederation in that the central power acts directly upon individuals
as well as upon states, thus creating the problem of dual allegiance.
Substantial power over matters affecting the people as a whole, such
as external affairs, commerce, coinage, and the maintenance of
military forces, are usually granted to the central government.
Nevertheless, retention of jurisdiction over local affairs by states
is compatible with the federal system and makes allowance for local
feelings. The chief political problem of a federal system of
government is likely to be the allocation of sovereignty, because the
need for unity among the federating states may conflict with their
desire for autonomy. The Greek city-states failed to solve this
problem, although religious and political federations were often
attempted and the Aetolian and Achaean leagues had many of the
institutions of federal government. The primacy of the central over
the state governments was not resolved in the United States until
after the Civil War. The distribution of powers between the federal
and state governments is usually accomplished by means of a written
constitution, for a federation does not exist if authority can be
allocated by ordinary legislation. A fairly uniform legal system, as
well as cultural and geographic affinities, is usually necessary for
the success of a federation. Varieties of federation include the
Swiss, where the federative principle is carried into the executive
branch of government; the Australian, which closely reflects American
states' rights and judicial doctrines; and the Canadian, which
reverses common federative practice and allots residuary rights to the
dominion government. Other examples of federal governments are the
German Empire of 1871 and the present state of Germany, modern Russia,
Mexico, South Africa, and India" (SOURCE: "Federal Government",
definition from Answers.com,
<http://www.answers.com/federal%20government>).

Different federal governments are organised differenly. However, as
one can see from the definition given above, an important element is
the de-centralisation of power: authority in some issues is a
sub-divisional matter (for example, that of the states, in the US),
while some issues are managed by the central government.

Democratic federal governments are divided between a federal
legislative branch (for example, in the United States, the Congress);
a federal executive branch (in the United States, the Persident and
the different departments) and a federal judicial branch (in the
United States: the federal court system).

For further information regarding the federal government of the United
States, I recommend the Wikipedia entry on the subject:
Federal government of the United States 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States> 

To know more about the executive branch, try: 
Federal Agency Directory: Hierarchical Directory 
<http://www.lib.lsu.edu/gov/tree> 

About the Canadian federal government, see: 
Federal Government Organization 
<http://canadaonline.about.com/od/governmentorgfed/> 

I hoep this answers your question. Please contact me if you need any
clarification on this answer before you rate it.

thanks for the research.... it really helped out my research needed
somewhat clarified.