I came across a dubious website that made some interesting, but
questionable remarks about the origin of the Biblical use of the name
of "God". Link: http://www.search-the-scriptures.org/artic-34.htm Is
this an accurate essay? Thanks.

The basic assumption of the entire text is wrong. The modern English
word "God" (and, of course, "god") does not derive from any Babylonian
diety who, coincidentally, had a similiar sounding name. The actural
etymological root of "God / god" is the ancient Gothic "guş" [guth], a
genderless word that meant "the worshipped one". That is the source of
the Christian god's name in the modern Germanic languages.

Besides, the modern German word for God/god is "Gott" (meaning as well
the Chistian god as any other male diety, since all nouns are equally
capitalized in German). "Gott" is pronounced short and with a hard
end-t. It does not sound like Gud or Gawd. Besides, reformer Martin
Luther made extensive use of the old and common word "Gott" long
before the King James Bible translation was written. And before him,
it was the most common Christian term in medieval times. Whatever the
author of the essay wants to prove, he does not have any clue of
history and etymology.

Scriptor

To read more about such theories: 

 mysticism
<http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=234420> - see the
paragraph were I wrote about "God and gods".

And more regarding the etymology of the word "God": 

Catholic Encyclopedia: 
"The root-meaning of the name (from Gothic root gheu; Sanskrit hub or
emu, "to invoke or to sacrifice to") is either "the one invoked" or
"the one sacrificed to." From different Indo-Germanic roots (div, "to
shine" or "give light"; thes in thessasthai "to implore") come the
Indo-Iranian deva, Sanskrit dyaus (gen. divas), Latin deus, Greek
theos, Irish and Gaelic dia, all of which are generic names; also
Greek Zeus (gen. Dios, Latin Jupiter (jovpater), Old Teutonic Tiu or
Tiw (surviving in Tuesday), Latin Janus, Diana, and other proper names
of pagan deities. The common name most widely used in Semitic occurs
as 'el in Hebrew, 'ilu in Babylonian, 'ilah in Arabic, etc.; and
though scholars are not agreed on the point, the root-meaning most
probably is "the strong or mighty one."
(SOURCE: Catholic Encyclopaedia, 1911,
<http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06608x.htm>).

More sources here: 
Wahiddudin Web, Etymology of the Name God 
<http://wahiduddin.net/words/name_god.htm> 

The pronounciation "gawd" is also problematic as an indication because
English pronounciation has changed throughout the centuries: the
people who have written or translated the Bible, were not modern-day
speakers of American-English.

God is a term for a spiritual being. the 'Almighty God' , the very
supreme one, is the one who created everything. Earth, moon, solar
systems, galaxies together with the physical laws that govern their
operation. Almighty God has a personal name, Jehovah. It is the
closest english language word to translate from the Hebrew YHWH,
spoken Yahweh. It is also called the tetragrammaton..four letters]
There are no vowels and the correct pronunciation has been lost. The
scriptures relating to this are at Exodus 3; 13-15 and 6;3. Almighty
God was talking to Moses and Moses wanted to know what he should tell
the people as regards who rescued them from Pharoah. Verse 15 states
the personal name. It should never be replaced with the title 'LORD'.
jOHN 1;1 STATES " In the beginning, the 'Word' [Jesus] was [existed]
and the 'Word' [Jesus] was 'with' God [ alongside Almighty God
Jehovah] and the 'Word'[Jesus] WAS a god [ was a spiritual being].
Verse 2. This one [Jesus] was in the beginning 'with' God [existed
alongside Almighty God]. Verse 3. All things came into existence
'through' him [Jesus] [NOTE: NOT BY HIM] and apart from him [Jesus]
not even one thing came into existence.
This scripture is backed up by Proverbs 8; 22-30 " Jehovah himself
produced me as the beginning of his way; the earliest of his
achievements....Vse. 30..then I [ Jesus] came to be beside him
[Jehovah God] as a master worker...
John 8;58 " Most truly I say to you, Before Abraham came into
existence, I have been". These were Jesus' words, not Jehovahs.
John 17;5 " So now you, Father, glorify me alongside yourself with the
glory that I had alongside you BEFORE THE WORLD WAS [existed].
And does the Bible recognise 'other' gods? Genesis 35;2 " Put away the
foreign  gods that are in the midst of you...
The word 'god' appears in the Bible over 3,900 times, and it is a bit
of a stretch to think it only applies to 'the god of good luck'.

Thanks to all who answered. Your research is very appreciated, and I
think the question has beeen asnswered sufficiently to show that the
article, as I suspected, is wrong. Very appreciated comments.
_CitizenGa