Hi Wnan,
Et al. is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase "et alia" (the neuter
plural - it can also be et allii - male - or et aliae - female), which
literally means "and others". It is distinguished from etc. (an
abbreviation for the Latin phrase "et cetera" or "and the rest") in
that et al. usually - but not always - is applied to lists of
specified persons/objects while etc. is usually - but not always -
applied to unspecified persons/objects. For example, in a list of
authors on a book you might see: John Smith, Jane Doe, Edward Jones,
et al. However, in a list of household items you'd see: dish, spoon,
fork, etc.
Here are definitions (with their links) from the Columbia Guide to
Standard English:
et al.
http://www.bartleby.com/68/90/2290.html
"[Et al.] is a Latin tag, an abbreviation of et alii (masculine), et
aliae (feminine), or et alia (neuter), meaning ?and [the] others.? The
period after al. is sometimes omitted in English, and the phrase is so
much used that it often is not printed in italics. It is regularly
used in footnotes to save space, and it also occurs in expository
prose, even in some Edited English, despite some conservative
objections."
etc.; et cetera
http://www.bartleby.com/68/91/2291.html
"Etc. is an abbreviation of the Latin tag et cetera, which means ?and
the rest,? ?and the like, ?and so on,? or ?and so forth.? Conservative
practice often objects to its being used in expository prose, but it
is Standard at nearly all levels, always either pronounced in full (ET
SET-uhr-uh or ET SET-ruh) or freely translated as ?and so forth? or
?and (the) others? but usually abbreviated in writing. Don?t use it
after e.g., since that ?for example? has already selected from the
crowd. Avoid the frequent Substandard blunder of saying or writing and
etc.?et means ?and.? Retain the period after the abbreviation, and
never, never misspell it ect or mispronounce it ek SET-uhr-uh."
I found these definitions by going to the Bartleby Reference page at
http://www.bartleby.com/reference/ and searching first for "et al" and
then for "et cetera". Please let me know if I can help further!
Librariankt |