Machine vision systems analyze images of parts being manufactured for
defects, measurements, etc.  Usually they will instruct the machine to
reject the bad parts immediately, but some simply record the data. 
Are there any companies offering web based image analysis where the
images could be sent to an ftp site and later a report would be
generated and viewable either by email or on a website.

Sounds like you are looking for a custom system.  The offline image
analysis will be application dependent and probably custom developed. 
You might try approaching companies that develop custom machine vision
systems and software.  Here are some Australian companies that do
custom development:

Adept Electronic Solutions http://www.adept.net.au
Hamey Vision Systems http://www.hameyvision.com.au
Integrated Imaging http://www.integrated-imaging.com.au
Total Turnkey Solutions http://www.turnkey-solutions.com.au

You can turn up many more companies by searching for custom machine vision.
Good luck.