I need a table of geographic distances between the capital cities of
all countries in the world.

The following website provides a .csv file showing the distances in
miles & km between 202 of the world's capital cities:

http://dss.ucsd.edu/~kgledits/capdist.html

It is not in tabular form but it would be relatively easy (though
time-consuming) to organize it as such.

However, we are talking about over 40,000 data items so it's going to
be a very big table! Are you sure that's what you're looking for?

The table provided by capdist.html would be exactly what I need;
however, in order to be able to use this data, I would also need the
names of the countries (in addition to the three letter
abreviations)...

I just found the names and abvreviations.  So the question has been
answered satisfactorily! Thank you.

For Galileo30:

Could you please tell me where you found the names and abreviations? 

Thank you,
Ioana