Hello Tlmaule,
I have compiled some Spanish language distribution facts for you,
that are not in 3-5 year old terminology - but intended to provide a
background, for explaining the spread of the Spanish language.
If I had to explain this to children 3-5 years old, I believe I
would make a huge world map, with arrows pointing from Rome to Spain,
and from Spain to the Philippines, to Mexico, to South America, to
Puerto Rico and Cuba, to Florida, California, Arizona, Colorado,
Nevada, New Mexico and Texas, of the US. Other arrows could go to
Amsterdam, England and Italy from Spain. I?m not sure children this
young will understand this however.
Perhaps you could explain that a long time ago, explorers came in
large ships, from a country called Spain. (Showing pictures of the
old ships, explorers, etc.) These explorers and sailors spoke Spanish.
When the explorers landed in other countries, they began to teach
their language to the people. Some explorers and sailors married in
their new countries and their children grew up speaking Spanish! You
could explain that in the Americas, the explorers encountered Native
Americans, who spoke their own language. As more Spaniards came, the
language became mixed with indigenous languages, to create a unique
form of Spanish in each country.
Give examples of the use of Spanish words used in everyday language
in the US. For example, the US has states that have Spanish names;
Colorado (the red state), Nevada (The snowy state), Florida (The
flowered state), Montana (The mountainous state). Cities; Los Angeles
(City of the Angels), Las Vegas (The fields, lowlands), Las Cruces
(The crosses), Boca Ratón (Mouse?s mouth), Cape Canaveral (Cane
breaks, from the cane thickets that grow in the area). Many words in
English are from Spanish origin, such as alligator ( El lagarto -
lizard), bronco (wild or rough), companion (compañero),
embargo(embargar - to bar), lasso (lazo-knot), mosquito (same
meaning), palomino horse (paloma-white dove), tuna and vanilla (atun
and vainilla, same meanings) and so on.
You could add interest by explaining the Spanish brought horses,
soybeans, bananas, wheat and more to the Americas and took back
tomatoes, corn, chocolate, sunflowers, peanuts and much more.
?Most Hispanic Americans trace their roots back to countries that were
once Spain's New World colonies, such as the many countries of Central
and South America, rather than directly to Spain.
The lion's share of Western Hemisphere is known as Latin America.
Most of its people speak Spanish or Portuguese as a mother tongue and
follow the precepts of the Roman Catholic church. This is not
surprising when it is recalled that Spain and Portugal led the
Europeans into the Age of Discovery and founded the first
globe-circling empires.?
http://www.drake.edu/artsci/languages/Spanish/center-s.htm
?Under Roman rule, in 19 BC, the region became known as Hispania, and
its inhabitants learned Latin from Roman traders, settlers,
administrators, and soldiers. When the classical Latin of the educated
Roman classes mixed with the pre-Roman languages of the Iberians,
Celts, and Carthaginians, a language called Vulgar Latin appeared. It
followed the basic models of Latin but borrowed and added words from
the other languages.
Even after the Visigoths, Germanic tribes of Eastern Europe, invaded
Hispania in the AD 400s, Latin remained the official language of
government and culture until about AD 719, when Arabic-speaking
Islamic groups from Northern Africa called Moors completed their
conquest of the region. Arabic and a related dialect called Mozarabic
came to be widely spoken in Islamic Spain except in a few remote
Christian kingdoms in the North such as Asturias, where Vulgar Latin
survived.?
http://www.alsintl.com/languages/spanish2.htm
http://www.alsintl.com/languages/spanish.htm
The Spanish language developed from common, everyday Latin, influenced
by the Basque language, and a great deal from Arabic. Approximately
25% of Spanish words are of Arabic origin! "The first Latin to Spanish
dictionary was written in Salamanca, Spain in 1492 by Elio Antonio de
Nebrija."
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/s/sp/spanish_language.htm
"In fact, Spanish actually antedates English in the areas that now
make up the composite United States ? a fact that surprises many
Americans. In terms of continuity and longevity in the United States,
the Spanish language is second only to Native American languages that
were spoken for centuries prior to colonization.
In parts of the Southwest, for instance, there are longstanding
Hispanic communities where varieties of Spanish have co-existed with
English varieties for centuries. Likewise, varieties of Spanish have
been maintained for decades alongside English in a number of major
urban U.S. cities. In this paper, I highlight a number of historical
events in the history of Spanish in the United State s. I also hope to
show how Spanish use today is not solely a function of immigration in
the 20th and 21st centuries, but rather the consequence of social and
historical factors that are as much a part of American history as the
factors that lead to the development of American English."
http://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/spanglish/usa/
?The nine-tenths of North America lying north and east of Mexico was
another matter. In the early 1500s, Spain made a few attempts to
explore Florida and the Gulf coast. Around 1513, Juan Ponce de Leon,
conqueror of Puerto Rico, conducted the first reconnaissance of the
area. In 1519 Alonso Alvarez de Pineda explored and mapped the Gulf of
Mexico. Two years later, Ponce de Leon died in a disastrous attempt to
build a settlement in Florida, and Spain withdrew from further serious
efforts to establish a permanent presence there for another
half-century.
The first Spanish town in what is now the United States was not in
Florida, but somewhere between 30 degrees and 34 degrees North. It was
built in 1526, by Luis Vasquez de Ayllon, a Spanish official based on
Hispaniola. In 1520, Ayllon had ordered a slaving expedition, and in
1526, set out himself with approximately 500 Spanish
colonists--including women, children, and three Dominican friars--and
a number of African slaves. After a false start, Ayllon built the town
of San Miguel de Guadalupe. His venture was doomed from the outset.
The principals of the colony quarreled, Indians attacked, slaves
rebelled, and Ayllon died. Only 150 survivors returned to Hispaniola.
Later, in 1528 a slightly smaller group under Narvaez plundered and
skirmished along the Gulf coast from Yampa Bay to Texas, where it
disintegrated. Cabeza de Vaca and three other members finally reached
Mexico in 1536.
From 1539 to 1543 de Soto and, after his death, Moscoso led an
ever-shrinking party on a circuitous route through the southeastern
and southcentral United States. From 1540 to 1542 Coronado explored
the Southwest. In all cases, these Spanish explorers antagonized the
Indians and failed to entice settlers to the higher latitudes.?
http://www.nps.gov/fora/spain.htm
?The Spanish language arrived in America first through Cristóbal
Colón?s exploratory travels, and then with the rest of colonizers, at
the end of the fifteenth century. At this point the Spanish language
was already firmly consolidated in the Iberian peninsula. In the ?new
world?, however, Spanish had yet to be established, and this was done
through a process labelled by historians as ?hispanización?.
During this period, the southern part of the American continent was a
conglomerate of hundreds of different languages and dialects.
Moreover, the cultures that the settlers encountered were radically
different from the Spanish one. Communication, therefore, was really a
challenge in the first stages, and it was done first through gestures
and later on through captive natives who acted as interpreters.
The Catholic Church played a fundamental role in the expansion of the
Spanish language throughout Latin America. Thus, Jesuit and Franciscan
missionaries established schools where they educated and converted
into Catholicism most children and teenagers. Of course, this was all
done in Spanish, and thus this language started to penetrate little by
little in the daily lives of the different indigenous groups.?
http://www.trustedtranslations.com/castilian_spanish.asp
Ladino
=======
"Ladino, otherwise known as Judeo-Spanish, is the spoken and written
Hispanic language of Jews of Spanish origin. Ladino did not become a
specifically Jewish language until after the expulsion from Spain in
1492 - it was merely the language of their province. It is also known
as Judezmo, Dzhudezmo, or Spaniolit.
When the Jews were expelled from Spain and Portugal they were cut off
from the further development of the language, but they continued to
speak it in the communities and countries to which they emigrated.
Ladino therefore reflects the grammar and vocabulary of 14th and 15th
century Spanish. The further away from Spain the emigrants went, the
more cut off they were from developments in the language, and the more
Ladino began to diverge from mainstream Castilian Spanish.
In Amsterdam, England and Italy, those Jews who continued to speak
'Ladino' were in constant contact with Spain and therefore they
basically continued to speak the Castilian Spanish of the time.
However, in the Sephardi communities of the Ottoman Empire, the
language not only retained the older forms of Spanish, but borrowed so
many words from Hebrew, Arabic, Greek, Turkish, and even French, that
it became more and more distorted. Ladino was nowhere near as diverse
as the various forms of Yiddish, but there were still two different
dialects, which corresponded to the different origins of the
speakers."
http://www.sephardicstudies.org/quickladino.html
http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Spanish-Ladino/Ladino.htm
Castellano
===========
"Spanish is, especially in the bilingual territories of Spain, also
known as castellano (Castilian), because of its origins in the region
of Castilla. Castilla is situated in the north-central part of Spain,
and it was once the neuralgic center of the Spanish empire that would
take the Spanish language to more than twenty other countries."
http://www.babylon-idiomas.com/eng/htm/resources-history-of-the-spanish-language-in-spain.htm
The Ceceo
==========
"As a graduate student of the Spanish language and a Spaniard, being
confronted with people who 'know' the origin of the 'lisp' found in
most of Spain is one of my pet peeves. I have heard the 'lisping king'
story many times, even from cultured people who are native Spanish
speakers, though you will not hear it come from a Spaniard.
"Firstly, the ceceo is not a lisp. A lisp is the mispronunciation of
the sibilant s sound. In Castilian Spanish, the sibilant s sound
exists and is represented by the letter s. The ceceo comes in to
represent the sounds made by the letters z and cfollowed by i or e.
"In medieval Castilian there were two sounds that eventually evolved
into the ceceo, the ç (the cedilla) as in plaça and the z as in dezir.
The cedilla made a /ts/ sound and the z a /dz/ sound. This gives more
insight into why those similar sounds may have evolved into the
ceceo."
http://spanish.about.com/cs/qa/a/q_lisp.htm
"From the second half of the fifteenth century through the end of the
nineteenth century, hundreds of thousands of sub?Saharan Africans
traveled first to Spain, then to Spanish America. Most were slaves,
taken as part of the Atlantic slave trade, which displaced millions of
Africans to Europe's New World colonies. In the major cities of Spain,
particularly in Andalusia, large slave and later free black
populations arose, and in some cities remained as distinct ethnic
minorities until the late eighteenth century. In Portugal, black
communities and neighborhoods continued to exist until the turn of the
twentieth century.1 In Spanish America, Africans were found in every
colony, from the highland mines of Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and
Honduras, to the Argentine pampas, the docks of El Callao, the port
attached to Lima, Peru, and the streets of Mexico City."
http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521822653&ss=exc
This site shows a map of Spanish speaking countries:
http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Spanish/
This map shows the spread of Spanish throughout the Iberian Peninsula
from to 1300AD
http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Spanish/History/index.html
·Spanish and English are in a virtual dead heat to be the second most
spoken language in the world. As of 1999, Spanish had 332 million
speakers, while English had 322 million. They were far behind Chinese,
with 885 million. Source: Ethnologue. (If people who speak English as
a second language were included, however, English would come out on
top.)
·Spanish, along with French, is the official language of Equatorial
Guinea, making it the only country in Africa with an official Spanish
presence, although Spanish also is spoken some in Morocco. The
country's official name is República de Guinea Ecuatoria. Source: CIA
World Fact Yearbook.
·Other countries or semi-autonomous areas with significant
Spanish-speaking populations include Andorra, Argentina, Belize,
Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Gibraltar, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, Puerto Rico,
Uruguay, the United States and Venezuela. Source: Ethnologue.
·Nearly 30 percent of the residents of Spain have a first language
other than Spanish, although most also use Spanish as a second
language. Languages of Spain include Catalan (some 12 percent of the
population speak it as a first language, and even more speak it as a
second language), Galician (8 percent of the population) and Basque (a
little more than 1 percent). Source: Ethnologue.
·As of 1998, the United States has the fifth largest Hispanic
population, about 30 million people (the exact number depending on how
Hispanics are counted). Of them, two-thirds trace their roots to
Mexico, and 86 percent say Spanish is their first language. Source:
Bill Stoneman, writing for American Demographics.
·During the sweeps period earlier this year, the top local TV newscast
in the New York City area was Noticias 41, a Spanish-language
broadcast. And Noticiero Univision, the newscast of a national
Spanish-language network, beat out the big three network news shows.
Source: Breaking News.
·California alone has 5.5 million people who speaks Spanish at home.
Other states with high Spanish-speaking populations include Texas (3.4
million), New York (1.8 million), and Florida (1.5 million). Source:
American Demographics.
·About 5.8 percent of the people who use the Internet speak Spanish,
making it the No. 4 language in the Internet community, following
English (51.3 percent), Japanese (8.1 percent) German (5.9 percent).
Close behind is Chinese, with 5.4 percent, followed by French with 3.9
percent. Source: Global Reach.
·A recent study of 25 metro markets in the United States found that
Spanish-language programming was the sixth most popular format.
Source: WILC radio.
http://spanish.about.com/library/weekly/aa070300a.htm
Additional Information
=======================
This is a very interesting, adult version, of the history of the Spanish language.
http://www.loyno.edu/history/journal/1995-6/rosa.htm
http://www.imh.org/imh/bw/spmust.html
http://www.completetranslation.com/spanish.htm
http://staff.esuhsd.org/~balochie/studentprojects/newworldfoods/
http://spanish.about.com/library/questions/blq-where-spoken.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language#Geographic_distribution
http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Spanish/History/
http://www.linguaphone.co.uk/language.cfm?language_id=28
http://www.tuspain.com/heritage/gold.htm
http://www.culture-routes.lu/php/fo_index.php?lng=en&dest=bd_pa_det&rub=63
http://www.brown.edu/Administration/George_Street_Journal/v22/v22n8/food.html
There you go! I hope this has helped you explain how the Spanish
language has spread through the world. If any part of this answer is
unclear, I will be happy to assist you further, befor eyou rate this
answer.
Sincerely, Crabcakes
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=============
Spanish language + distribution history
Spanish + spread + global
Geographic distribution + Spanish
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