Select the ONE lettered answer or completion - that is
BEST in each case and fill in right or left the Questions.
1 and 2
HIV antibody testing, including initial and confirmatory test, is used
to screen the national blood supply. An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is
applied first. Any blood unit that is reactive on the initial EIA is
discarded. However, blood donors are notified that they are "positive"
for the HN antibody only if an additional EIA and a confirmatory
Western Blot (WE) are also reactive.
1. To optimally protect the national blood supply, the EIA test must
have:
(A) high sensitivity
(B) high specificity
(C) high positive predictive value
(D)high negative predictive value
(E) high accuracy !
2. Minimizing the number of persons who are erroneously informed that
they are probably infected with HIV by the Western Blot confirmatory
test effects
(A) sensitivity and specificity
(B) sensitivity and positive predictive value
(C) specificity and positive predictive value
(D) positive predictive value and negative predictive value
(E) specificity and negative predictive value
3. On January 1, the number of cases of diagnosed multiple sclerosis
(MS) in an urban metropolitan area was 321. During .the calendar year,
seven of these persons / died from a variety of causes. Also during
the year, 15 cases of MS were newly diagnosed, and one of these died
in a motor vehicle crash. The point prevalence for MS at the end of
the year is:
(A) 14 / mid-year population x 100,000
(B) 15 / mid-year population x 100,000
(C) 328 / mid-year population x 100,000
(D) 329 / mid-year population x 100,000
(E) 336 / mid-year population x 100,000
4. Much of what is known about the brain chemistry associated with
sleep stems from recognition of the correlations between, sleep
effects and various pharmacological and psychiatric events. This
recent research has shown that:
(A) drugs that decrease brain dopamine / produce arousal and
wakefulness
(B) patients with Alzheimer's disease have reduced REM sleep time
(C) insomnia is often associated with the later stages of a depressive
episode
(D) manic episodes are often accompanied by periods of hypersomnia
(E) the initial REM episode is shorter than normal in depressed
patients
5. His parents referred Jack, a 15-year-old male, to the clinic for
evaluation. During the interview, Jack seemed defiant and rebellious.
"Why don't people just leave me alone to do what I want to do?" he
asked. These constant demand for independence have cause him [0 stop
listening [0 his parents and occasionally being absent from school.
Jack's behavior:
(A) suggests that he should be turned over to the courts for
disposition
(B) can probably be controlled by stricter rules and punishments
(C) can be the expected behavior at this :.- stage of development
(D) is evidence of an identity crisis
(E) is usually accompanied by inner feelings of security, confidence
and masculinity
6. During a discussion of her relationship with her husband, a woman
breaks downs into tears, crying for several minutes. She reports that
she had been feeling terribly hurt by her husband's recent affair, but
had been unable to express it until that moment. The best description
of her behavior is:
(A) cathexis
(B) fixation resolution
(C) catharsis
(D) hysterical reaction
(E) transference
7. A recent quality of care survey documented several important
parameters for defining key aspects of patient care. One key
parameter, mean length of stay, showed that the average stay of
persons discharged from the hospital in a given year is about 6 days.
This means that:
(A) half the patient stay longer and half less than six days
(B) the average length of stay of discharged patients on any given day
will center around six days
(C) the greatest proportion of patients discharged stayed in the
hospital eight days
(D) the total number of days of hospitalization provided during the
year, divided by the number of discharges, is six days
(E) the frequency distribution of discharges by length of stay is
symmetrical about a center of six days
8. Given that recent research has established concordance rates for
schizophrenia of 48% for monozygotic twins and 12% for dizygotic
twins, by means of the Inheritability Index compute the proportion of
schizophrenia that has agenetic basis?
(A) 10%
(B) 20%
(C) 30%
(D) 40%
(E) 60%
9. To assess public attitudes towards AIDS in the community, one of
every ten houses in every city block are drawn at random, and all
persons aged 20 to 45 years normally residing in those houses are
included in the sample. However, the response rate differs from block
to block. To make up for this, additional houses are added until the
desired quota of responders is reached for each block. The sample is
thus made adequate in size, but has not been corrected for bias
primarily because:
(A) persons move from one part of the city to another
(B) repetitive contacts by the interviewers will increase interviewer
bias
(C) persons living in different parts of the city may react
differently to different interviewers
(D) non-respondents and wonders may react differently
(E) persons on one block may respond differently than persons on the
next.
10. Developmental psychologists have identified a number of factors
that are important for influencing the child's development. Research
has shown that the child's social development is most strongly
influenced by the:
(A) techniques of discipline used by the child's parents
(B) age when toilet training is initiated
(C) pervasive emotional tone expressed .by the parents
(D) cohesiveness of the marital unit
(E) number of siblings
11. In terms of learning theory, neurotic symptoms are the result of:
(A) a compromise between forces engaged in unconscious conflict
(B) the _expression of repressed wishes
(C) sublimated instrumental responses
(D) inappropriate fear reactions
(E) developmental stage linked anxiety responses
12. The most common health problem in the United States is
(A) Cancer
(B) Heart disease
(C) Substance abuse
(D) Obesity
(E) Dental caries
13. In the case of a school phobia, the most appropriate management
would be:
(A) Keep the child in the same class in conjunction with parental
counseling
(B) Allow the child to remain at home until the problems causing the
school phobia can be identified and addressed
(C) Keep the child in the same class, but provide counseling to foster
better social skills to improve the child's relationships with peers
(D) Keep the child in the same class, and have a parent attend school
with the child, tapering off the parent's attendance until the child
is able to stay at school on his own
(E) Change the child's classroom setting within the school
14. A 6-year old girl is brought by her father to see a physician at a
local '3:iTi15uratory care clinic. The father reports that the child
is nocturnally enuretic about 3 to 5 times a month. The physician's
best course of action is to:
(A) refer her to a psychiatrist
(B) investigate the family for any signs of sexual abuse
(C) tell the father that this behavior is normal and that she will
grow out of it
(D) collect a detailed history of the symptoms and ask about any
recent events in the child's life
(E) Prescribe a course of imipramine
15. The air quality is assessed in two Midwestern cities, one in which
a government program has been instituted reducing the amount of carbon
monoxide emissions allowed, and one without the government program.
The rates of respiratory problems in both cities are recorded over a
five-year period. Given the design of this study, an appropriate one-
tailed null hypothesis would be:
(A) air quality is related to respiratory problems in both of the
cities under study
(B) air quality is related to respiratory problems in the city with
the government program, but not in the other city
(C) no evidence will be found for differences in air quality between
the two cities
(D) the rate of respiratory problems in the city with the government
program will not be any lower than that of the other city
(E) air quality will be inversely related to the rate of respiratory
problems in both cities.
16. The power of a statistical test can be increased by:
(A) increasing the chance of failing to reject a null hypothesis when
it is true
(B) decreasing the chance of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is
true
(C) increasing the chance of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is
true
(D) reducing the expected effect size
(E) increasing the number of independent variables
17. Memory impairment resulting from bilateral lesions of the medial
temporal lobe:
(A) has little apparent effect on skill- based memory
(8) is limited to one sensory modality
(C) affects both long and short term memory
(D) has no impact on events prior to the onset of amnesia
(E) is eased by increasing the time between exposure and retention to
facilitate consolidation
18. Recent studies based on a representative sample of adolescents
show that:
(A) teenagers generally do not trust their parents
(B) normal teenagers experience intense inner turmoil
(C) teenage rebellion is manifest as relatively minor disagreements
with parents regarding music and dress
(D) most teenagers reject their parents' core values
(E) rebellious behavior is most common during the later teenage years
19. Maternal cocaine use during pregnancy is LEAST LIKELY to be
associated with increased incidence of the following:
(A) Spontaneous abortion
(B) Microcephaly
(C) Premature labor
(D) Abruption placentae
(E) Fetal death
20. Which of the following drugs is LEAST LIKELY to produce psychotic
symptoms resembling schizophrenia?
(A) amphetamine
(B) methaqualone
(C) mescaline
(D) LSD
(E) phencyclidine
21. Years of research and observation have detailed a number of
mechanisms by which humans cope with the stresses and strains which
they encounter in their lives. Which of the following is NOT
considered a mechanism in response to stress?
(A) Avoid stressor
(B) getting Information
(C) Manifest anxiety
(D) Denigrate stressor
(E) Do the opposite of what one feels |
