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Subject:
magnetic properties
Category: Science > Technology Asked by: houndogman-ga List Price: $4.50 |
Posted:
23 Oct 2005 04:25 PDT
Expires: 22 Nov 2005 03:25 PST Question ID: 583781 |
how can i make the semi-precious stone hemitite, magnetic, with a very strong permanent effect at honme? |
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There is no answer at this time. |
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Subject:
Re: magnetic properties
From: hfshaw-ga on 24 Oct 2005 11:35 PDT |
You can't. Pure hematite, which has the chemical formula Fe2O3, is antiferromagnetic, meaning it's not magnetic or magnetizable. Natural hematite, however, often contains impurities, or has slightly fewer oxygen atoms per iron atom than "ideal" hematite, so natural hematite samples are often weakly ferromagnetic. (A material that is ferromagnetic can be magnetized to form a permanent magnet.) The chemical compound Fe2O3 can also exist in crystal structure different from true hematite -- it can form with the same structure as the mineral magnetite (Fe3O4). In this form, it is called "maghemite", and this mineral is strongly ferromagnetic, but it is very unlikely that you have a large, jewelery-quality sample of this material. You are probably thinking of the strongly magnetized materials being sold commercially as "magnetic hematite" beads/buttons, etc., or as "singing magnets". This material is not hematite at all, but synthetic barium or strontium ferrite (chemical formulas Ba Fe12 O19, and Sr Fe12 O19, respectively). To produce the strong permanent magnetism in these materials (or any strongly ferromagnetic material), the usual procedure would be to heat the material above its Curie temperature (the temperature above which a ferromagnetic material loses its magnetism), then cool the material in a strong external magnetic field produced by an external electromagnetic or permanent magnet. The Curie temperature of BaFe12O19 and SrFe12O19 is about 450 Centigrade or about 840 F (see http://ima.es/pdf/IMA_1_ENGLISH.pdf). |
Subject:
Re: magnetic properties
From: houndogman-ga on 25 Oct 2005 11:45 PDT |
THANKS FH-ilearned a lot from that comment-can you tell me the method i could use to produce the strong external magnetic field produced by an external electromagnetic or permanent magnet.? sincere appreciation-houndogman |
Subject:
Re: magnetic properties
From: hfshaw-ga on 26 Oct 2005 15:33 PDT |
The design of practical magnetizing equipment is well beyond my area of expertise. You might want to look at the document at <http://www.duramag.com/Engineeringmachining/MMPA_PMG-88.pdf>, particularly page 20 (the section on magnetizing equipment). If this doesn't make sense to you, then you need to read up on the basics of electricity and magnetism. There are numerous websites out there that cover these topics at levels ranging from the extreme novice to the graduate-student level. Try doing a Google search on "how do electromagnets work?" Section 10 of the article at <http://www.magnetsales.com/Design/DesignG_2.htm> might also be helpful to you. There are commercially available magnetizers that produce very high magnetic fields (for short times) by discharging large capacitors through the coils of an electromagnet. By using large fields to overcome, one avoids having to heat the material being magnetized above its Curie temperature. See, for instance, <http://www.maginst.com/capacitive.html>. |
Subject:
Re: magnetic properties
From: houndogman-ga on 27 Oct 2005 15:00 PDT |
thanks again FH-your knowldge in this is proving invaluable-i owe you one-mark |
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