I have a palm organizer with email and wi-fi and bluetooth, and I have
a cell phone with blue tooth, but without email or a browser.  When I
am traveling, can I access and send email and/or browse the internet
using my palm organizer to compose and read incoming emails and
connecting to the internet thru my bluetooth connection from my palm
to my phone and phone to the internet?

yes, provided you can successfully pair your Palm and phone, and have
an appropriate mail client.
I have successfully done this with a Clie UX-50 (PalmOS) and SE T61x
phone, using the Iambic mail client (because I use IMAP it was better
than the POP3 client that came with the Palm)
Bear in mind that it can be slow and (depending on your data plan)
expensive - but it makes a good alternative to a Blackberry (and with
the current legal uncertainty about them it's a good plan)