Hello again, shuga-ga!
Since I answered your previous question about people who do use the
internet in the countries you have mentioned, I might as well answer
this question about those who do not! Actually, if you read any
articles from your previous answer, you might have a good idea of
people who stay away from the internet...however, let's see if I can
direct an answer to this portion of the question more succinctly.
Also, as you will see, some articles from the previous answer seem to
contradict information in this answer. Again, statistics change
quickly and differ among reporting agencies.
There was much more information about users than non-users.
Therefore, I have taken a bit of a different approach, suggesting that
you extrapolate some theories about who might be non-users based on
some of the research I have which only highlights internet users.
Hopefully, this doesn't get you too confused!
First, for a general overview….
“While almost all Europeans watch television, more than half don't
own a computer and only about a third of them regularly access the
Internet, according to results of a European Commission poll. The
EC/Eurostat survey of 16,162 Europeans aged 15 and older found that
just 35 percent of those interviewed surf the Web, while 98 percent of
Europeans watch TV and 46 percent read local or national newspapers at
least five times per week, survey results said.” Read “Europeans
Prefer TV and Newspaper to the Net.” Newsbytes. (6/20/2002) at
http://www.canvasdreams.com/viewarticle.cfm?articleid=1219
UK
Among senior citizens in the UK, the majority of “seniors have
never used the Internet and two-thirds of them said they had no
intention of every doing so.” Read “Gender Differences in UK Seniors
Internet Use.” (8/21/2002) at
http://www.nua.com/surveys/index.cgi?f=VS&art_id=905358289&rel=true
Only 12% of adults 65 and older access the internet. Read “Internet
Access Levels Off,” by Tamsin McMahon. Europmedia.net (1/5/2002) at
http://www.europemedia.net/shownews.asp?ArticleID=10358
Economic class still rules internet use in the UK. Non-users are
mainly in the lowest economic class, where only 19% use the internet.
(It might be assumed that low economic class also often relates to
educational level) Read “Class Still Matter for Technology Adoption,”
by Ray Poynter. Europemedia.net (1/11/2002) at
http://www.europemedia.net/shownews.asp?ArticleID=7629
Blue-collar workers are less likely to use the internet, accounting
for only one-third of all online users. Lower-income means lower
levels of online shopping, also. White-collar workers were the
predominant online shoppers, accounting for 67% of expenditures. Read
“One-third of UK Adults Currently go Online at Home,” by Veronica
Garcia-Robles. Europemedia.com (11/13/2001) at
http://www.europemedia.net/shownews.asp?ArticleID=6638
Women are less likely to go online as often, due to their feeling of
inadequacy at “understanding” the internet. Read “Women Boost UK
Internet Usage,” by Veronica Garcia-Robles. Europemedia.net
(8/10/2001) at http://www.europemedia.net/shownews.asp?ArticleID=5051
Spain
Women are less likely to use the internet than men. Males online
outnumber females by almost 50%. Read “Germany Has the Most Internet
Users.” NetValue (5/23/2002) at
http://www.nua.com/surveys/index.cgi?f=VS&art_id=905357987&rel=true
The lower economic class has little use for the internet, since
nearly 70% of users in Spain are in the middle or upper economic
class. Read “Spanish Internet Use Doubles.” Europemedia (7/2/2002) at
http://www.europemedia.net/shownews.asp?ArticleID=11292
Adults 55 and older are least likely to use the internet, accounting
for only 3.5% of home users. Read “Silver Surfers Increasing Their
Numbers,” by Tamsin McMahon. Europemedia.net (4/4/2002) at
http://www.europemedia.net/shownews.asp?ArticleID=9803
Economic limitations of owning a personal computer limit the number
of internet users in Spain. In fact, 2001 saw a decline in growth on
new online subscribers compared to 2000. Read “Internet Growth
Declines in Spain,” by Carmina Rodriguez. Europemedianet.net (2/42002)
at http://www.europemedia.net/shownews.asp?ArticleID=8165
Germany
Nearly 50% of Germans don’t have, or want, internet access.
Non-users are primarily the elderly (especially females), those with
low incomes, and those with a “low level of education.” In face, the
level of internet “abstainers” is increasing in some areas, which has
raised a level of concern. “"The digital gap in Germany is no purely
social problem,” said IBM CEO Erwin Staudt who chairs the Initiative
D21. "The high rate of internet- abstainers’ is an obstacle to
economic growth and to a reduction of the unemployment rate. Political
and economic efforts must tackle this problem together." Read “Half of
Germans Don’t Want Internet Access,” by Tamsin McMahon.
Europemedia.net (6/52002) at
http://www.europemedia.net/shownews.asp?ArticleID=10818
Germans, as a whole, spend far less time on the internet than they
do watching TV or listening to the radio. “While the Germans on
average spend more than three hours per day watching TV,
three-and-a-half hours listening to radio, and 30 minutes reading
newspapers, they spend only 13 minutes on the 'Net'. Read “The
Internet in German,” by Rainer Braun. Goethe Insitut Inter Nationes
(2002) http://www.goethe.de/kug/mui/int/ein/enindex.htm
Women are less likely to use the internet than men, with a
difference of 60% men online compared to only 40% of women. Read
“Germany Has the Most Internet Users.” NetValue (5/23/2002) at
http://www.nua.com/surveys/index.cgi?f=VS&art_id=905357987&rel=true
France
Non-users among the young population find the internet too
expensive.
Retired non-users see no use for the internet.
Nearly 70% of the working class population does not use a computer.
Education and wealth are integral to internet use. Non-users tend
to be of lower economic class and lower education level. (“56 per
cent of those connected have higher management jobs and more than half
of them also earn at least E3,000 a month.”)
For the above, read “France Sees Slow Growth in Domestic Internet
Use,” by Frans van Miegham. Europmedia.net (8/22/2001) at
http://www.europemedia.net/shownews.asp?ArticleID=5216
Denmark
Denmark is a hard country about which to find interet usage
demographics. The best way to determine non-user profiles, possibly,
is to construct some theories based on who the users are, and go from
there. One reference, from TeleDanmark, highlights a profile of
Broadband internet users compiled by Forrester Research in 2000. Users
were:
Highly educated and/or students
Ages 13-50
High-income households with children
Refer to “Forum: The Broadband Vision.” Tele Danmark (12/2000) at
http://www.tdc.dk/tdc/english/menu/sm0012.htm
The Danes are less likely to be found using the internet to shop
online. “Only 8.1 per cent of Danish visitors and 6.9 per cent of
Swedish visitors to an e-commerce website actually entered a secure
area of the site, where confidential information is exchanged (for
example, entering and transmitting credit card details).” Read “Uk
Continues to Lead Europe and the US for Visitors to E-Commerce Sites.”
NetValue (6/25/2001) at
http://www.netvalue.com/corp/presse/index_frame.htm?fichier=cp0031.htm
Some extrapolations about non-users can be made from information
contained in the undated article excerpted below:
Most users are of above-average education (therefore, the
less-educated are more typical non-users)
More men than women use the internet (therefore, women tend to be
more of the non-users) Contrast this with the answer to your
previous question about Danes…..it gives some evidence that this
information is quite outdated!
The majority of users are under age 40 (therefore, population in
the higher age groups tend to be more non-users)
From “IT Usage” at http://www.american.edu/initeb/dc4053a/dkitu.html
Childless couples are less likely to use the internet than couples
with children. From “Denmark: More than Half of Population Online,” by
Eliza Gano. OnlineJournalism.com (11/8/2001) at
http://www.ojr.org/ojc/topics/brief.php?briefID=9367
Well, I hope this information proves useful. With the two questions
put together, you should have some very good demographics.
umiat-ga |
