I would like to know if anyone has done research or found an algorithm
for determining what colors 'go' together from an aesthetic
point-of-view. I don't mean 'opposite on the color wheel' (I mean,
would you wear a blue shirt with orange pants?) Think more along the
lines of what might help color-blind people co-ordinate their clothes.

This may be reality quite soon.  have a look at 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2212576.stm

This is slightly Off topic and certainly not an answer, but my son
came up with a great color matching formula, which I use all the time,
since I'm no good at this sort of thing. We go down to the zoo with
the digital camera, take pictures of lots of birds, and then use the
eye-dropper function in Gimp to take colors off that we need. It works
good, my son's logic for this was "God isn't color blind".

webadept-ga

This is not a pure math problem. The reason is that nobody can offer a
math
difinition for aesthetic point-of-view. 

However, math may help to resolve your question. For example, you can
apply statistics to search the patterns which human being likes.

I disagree - If you think purely in terms of a "color wheel" then you
are correct; there are limitations. But there are more sophisticated
geometric structures that can be used to map colors. Tracing rays
through these objects can yield acceptable results.

As for the "eye of the beholder" arguement, while it is true that you
will never find every pleasing combination, you can find several
acceptable ones. Also, it is also possible to find math at the core of
many "aesthetic" works. Search Google for information on the Golden
Ratio.

The please tell me how do you define your preference on color.

Sorry mistyped.

Then please tell me how do you define your preference on color.

Here is a sample that some people find acceptable:
Opposite on the color wheel. 
I am looking for more precise methods, however.

Your question is obviously purposely vague- like "what is art?"- in an
attempt to illustrate your point. You are entitled to the opinion that
the answers to such questions vary by the individual. I, on the other
hand, believe differently. Note my prior comment about the Golden
Ratio. Color perception occurs at a more primitave biological level
than "art perception" and likely has similar underlying "ratios".

Shesh! I'm typing more on my own question that anyone! Maybe I should
keep the 10 bucks.