What recent studies show the effect of exercise on glucose levels in
the hours during and after such exercise.  I particularly wonder
about people in pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes if that makes a
difference.  Is there a particular rate of change in blood glucose
levels based on calories burned, resting or based on exercise rate, or
does it depend highly on the individual?  If a large percentage of
people react similarly that is interesting, even if it does not apply
to all people.  Does a change in bloor sugar level continue for a time
thereafter?  I know that long-term exercise helps and information on
that is helpful but not the primary question.  A highly medically
informed summary of the results will be especially appreciated.

I think that the amount of change in blood glucose after exercise are
going to be unique for each individual.  Here are some medical journal
articles that look at blood glucose changes after exercise (these are
links to the abstracts, if you want the full articles you may be able
to get them at a local health science library or buy them online). 
Hopefully these will give you a start.

Changes in blood glucose in type II diabetics after exercise
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14685935&query_hl=7

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12244521&query_hl=7

Here's an old (1977) article on glucose changes in healthy subjects
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=910882&query_hl=7

People who manage type 2 diabetes with exercise usually find that
exercising within an hour after a meal has the best effect.

> Is there a particular rate of change in blood glucose levels based
on calories burned, resting or based on exercise rate, or does it
depend highly on the individual?

For most people with diabetes 30 minutes of exercise will lower blood
glucose by 50 points. It has much much more to do with carbohydrates
injested than calories. Where the calories figure in, it's that losing
weight makes you more sensitive to the insulin you produce (or
inject).

> Does a change in bloor sugar level continue for a time thereafter?

Exercise has an immediate effect on glucose levels, but just being
fitter and more active has a 24 hours effect. Many people find their
morning glucose levels closer to normal if they exercised at all the
day before.