Why was the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development created
and how effective was it?Needs research
references(internet,journals,books). Specifiaclly the reasons for its
creation,how it has affected international relations and how effective
it was in achieving its goals

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Clarification of Question by sushisamba-ga on 29 Nov 2005 08:06 PST

Need answer by friday the 2nd of december 2005

Dear Sushisamba, 

Not a lot has been written on the subject, but I've collected the most
important resources for you.

Official history of the  United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development could be found here:
<http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=3358&lang=1> 

Another good official source is: 
UNCTAD, "Beyond Conventional Wisdom in Development Policy - An
Intellectual History of UNCTAD 1964&#8211;2004"  United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development. New York: United Nations, 2004
<http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/un/unctad/2004/04unctadhistory.pdf>

An old, but comprehensive, book about UNCTAD is: 

RL Rothstein. 1979. _Global bargaining: UNCTAD and the quest for a new
international economic order_

See also other books: 

Michael Cutajar, ed. 1985, UNCTAD and the North-South Dialogue (New
York: Pergamon Press)

M Williams. 1991. _Third World cooperation: the group of 77 in UNCTAD_ 

A good general book that refers to UNCTAD is: 

Theodore H. Cohn, 2002. _Governing Global Trade_ Ashgate. 

Articles
--------
AK BHATTACHARYAm, 1976. "The influence of the international
secretariat: UNCTAD and generalized tariff preferences" _International
Organisation

Matthias Finger and B&#233;rang&#232;re Ruchat. 2000. "The
transformation of International Public Organizations: The Case of
UNCTAD", Working paper de l&#8217;IDHEAP 14/2000
UER: Management des entreprises publiques,
<http://www.idheap.ch/idheap.nsf/0/f446b1133435ea4ac1256b910064b29c/$FILE/workingpaper14.pdf>

Kathryn C. Lavelle, 2003. "Participating in the Governance of Trade :
The GATT, UNCTAD, and WTO"  International Journal of Political
Economy, Volume 33, Number 4 / Winter 2003-4, pp. 28 - 42

------------------, "Ideas within a context of power: the African
group in an evolving UNCTAD" The Journal of Modern African Studies 
(2001), 39: 25-50

Joseph L. Love, "LATIN AMERICA, UNCTAD, AND THE POSTWAR TRADING
SYSTEM" <http://www.stanford.edu/group/sshi/Conferences/2001-2002/GlobalTrade2001/love.PDF>

Azizali Mohammed, "GOVERNANCE ISSUES IN INTERGOVERNMENTAL GROUPINGS OF
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES"
<http://users.ox.ac.uk/~ntwoods/Azizali%20on%20Governance.PDF>

R Ramsay. 1984. "UNCTAD&#8217;s Failures: The Rich Get Richer"
_International Organization, _ ; also appears in : Diehl, Paul F.
(ed), The Politics of International Organizations: Patterns and
Insights, Chicago: Dorsey Press, 1989.

IAN TAYLOR. 2003. "GLOBAL MONITOR The United Nations Conference on
Trade and Development" _ New Political Economy_  Volume 8, Number 3 /
November 2003 pp. 409-418
Abstract: 
"The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was
formed in 1964 to 'create a forum in which the more prosperous member
countries [of the United Nations] would come under pressure to agree
to measures benefiting the less-developed countries'. More
specifically, its formation was 'a deliberate effort to use
international bureaucracy and conference diplomacy to alter current
norms affecting trade and development'. UNCTAD's founding reflected
the growth in membership of the United Nations of newly independent
states. A large number of the e?lites of these new entities keenly
felt the iniquity of the world order which had ushered in their formal
statehood. UNCTAD and the later call for a 'New International Economic
Order' (NIEO) therefore were rejoinders to problems encountered by
developing countries as a result of the creation and operation of the
Bretton Woods system."


Non Academic Sources
--------------------

Walden Bello, "UNCTAD: Time to Lead, Time to Challenge the WTO"
_Social and Economic Policy_ January 31, 2000
<http://iggi.unesco.or.kr/web/iggi_docs/01/952478099.pdf>

Chakravarthi Raghavan, "FROM INTERACTIVITY TO THE BUSINESS OF UNCTAD",
Third World Network, <http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/inter.htm>

Third World Network, "UNCTAD X - The Spirit of Bangkok vs The
Washington Consensus?" <http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/focus15.htm>

Friends of the Earth, "United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD)"
<http://www.foei.org/trade/activistguide/unctad.htm>

G77 
"The Group of 77 (G-77) was established on 15 June 1964 by
seventy-seven developing countries signatories of the "Joint
Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries" issued at the end of the
first session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD) in Geneva. Beginning with the first Ministerial
Meeting of the Group of 77 in Algiers in 1967 which adopted the
Charter of Algiers, a permanent institutional structure gradually
developed which led to the creation of Chapters of the Group of 77 in
Rome (FAO), Vienna (UNIDO), Paris (UNESCO), Nairobi (UNEP) and the
Group of 24 in Washington, D.C. (IMF and World Bank). Although the
membership of the G-77 has increased to 132 countries, the original
name was retained because of its historic significance.

Aims:


As the largest Third World coalition in the United Nations, the Group
of 77 provides the means for the developing world to articulate and
promote its collective economic interests and enhance its joint
negotiating capacity on all major international economic issues in the
United Nations system, and promote economic and technical cooperation
among developing countries (ECDC/TCDC)."
(<http://www.g77.org/>). 

And the book: 
KP Sauvant, 1981. _The Group of 77: evolution, structure, organization_ 

I hope this answers your quesytion. Please contact me if you need any
clarification on this answer before you rate it.

It was really good, very comprehensive despite lack of sources!
Thanks a lot!!