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Q: High School Leadership ( No Answer,   3 Comments )
Question  
Subject: High School Leadership
Category: Reference, Education and News
Asked by: dsqueen-ga
List Price: $150.00
Posted: 10 Sep 2002 11:27 PDT
Expires: 10 Oct 2002 11:27 PDT
Question ID: 63516
What do aspiring HIGH SCHOOL principals  need to know and be able to
do to successfully lead those complex, and resistant-to-change
organizations? (What skills or knowledge would be DISTINCT and
DIFFERENT from that needed to manage and lead an elementary school...)
 NOT just school leadership in general--there's tons of that---BUT
HIGH SCHOOL LEADERSHIP specifically. Who are the guru's on this
topic...

Request for Question Clarification by nellie_bly-ga on 11 Sep 2002 18:12 PDT
Dear dsqueen-

I have been seeking out literature on your topic, leadership qualities
for high school principals and have gathered these.
Please tell me if I am on the right track to answering your question?
Is this the kind of information you want?


"The Artistry of Leadership" an article by Gerald N. Tirozzi 
 ( Phi Delta Kappan, Feb2001, Vol. 82 Issue 6, p434)  
examines how the role of the secondary-school principal is changing in
the United States in the 21st century. The need for the principal to
establish a climate in which excellence can flourish;

There is also a report: 'Secondary Schools in a New Millennium:
Demographic Certainties, Social Realities,' by demographer Harold
Hodgkinson for the National Association of Secondary School
Principals; Problems facing principals.

----
 Bernard Barker, School of Education, University of Leicester,
Leicester, UK has a paper based on field research which explores
explores how secondary headteachers contribute to the effectiveness of
their schools.
 
Educational Review, Feb2001, Vol. 53 Issue 1, p65, 12p

Here is an abstract:

" Although recent studies indicate that heads exercise only a small,
indirect effect on performance, there is a widespread belief ...that
leadership is a vital ingredient for success. Evidence about
leadership is used to compare and contrast successful and less
successful headteachers. Despite the complications of social context,
internal politics and external pressure, strong heads seem to adopt
similar, well-balanced leadership styles and strategies that correlate
with well-motivated students and staff. In contrast, poor performers
operate a limited range of styles and strategies and elicit a negative
response from their colleagues. These findings match predictions
arising from a classic experiment at Harvard Business School (Litwin &
Stringer, 1966), on which the DfEE's Leadership Programme for Serving
Heads is based. The paper describes how effective leaders motivate
staff and students and indicates problematical influences limiting or
constraining the performance of headteachers."
 

Here is a literature review:  TEACHER'S PERCEPTIONS OF PRINCIPAL
EFFECTIVENESS IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN TENNESSEE , By Henry S.
Williams, Curriculutn & Supervision, Central Washington University,
Ellensburg, WA 98926
Source: Education, Winter2000, Vol. 121 Issue 2, p264, 12p
 
And the abstract:
"The literature on school effectiveness repeatedly refers to the need
for strong leadership of the principal. The principal has received
extraordinary attention in the literature of educational
administration and in the press. The reason for this attention in the
scholarly literature stems largely from the intense interest on the
part of educators and scholars in achieving better understanding of
the dynamics of school effectiveness. Furthermore, the educational
reform movement and the accompanying search for conditions and causes
on effective schools have fueled broader public interest in the
principalship.
In discussing the review of literature, I divided it into six
sections. The National secondary school recognition program is
explained in the first section. The definition of educational
leadership is discussed in the second section. Role perception is
dealt with in the third section. The domain of organizational
development is discussed in the fourth section; organizational
environment is summarized in the fifth section, and the sixth section
deals with effective instructional leadership."

Then I have gleaned the following bibliography:

Austin, G. (1979). Exemplary schools and the search for effectiveness.
Educational Leadershin, Vol. 37, (1), 10-14.

BARKER, B. (1990) The Cambridgeshire Management Workshop (Dereham,
Norfolk, Peter Francis Publishers).

BLACKMORE, J. (1999) Troubling Women, pp. 37-38 (Buckingham, Open
University Press). Quoted in: H. GUNTER (2000) Reviewing the
literature on leadership in education: taking a critical approach,
Paper presented at the Sixth International Educational Management and
Administration Research Conference, March 29-31, 2000, Robinson
College, Cambridge.

Blumberg, A., & Greenfield, W.D. (1980). The effective princinal:
persnectives on school leadership. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
 
(1982). The Instructional Management Role of the Principal.
Educational Administration Ouarterly, Vol. 18, No. 3.


CALLAHAN, R. (1962) Education and the Cult of Efficiency (Chicago,
University of Chicago Press).

Crowson, R.L., & Porter-Getirie, C. (1981). The urban school
principalship: Organizational stability role. Planning and Changing,
12, 26-53.

Deal, T.E., & Celotti, L.S. (1980). How much influence do (and can)
educational administrators have on classrooms? Phi Delta Kappan,
61(7), 471-473.

Delapp, T. (1988). Leadership skills required in schools. Association
of California School Administrators. 18(2), 3.

Edmonds, R. (1979). Effective schools for the urban poor. Educational
leadershin, 37(l), 1524.

Fuhr, M. (1970). Leadership role of Principal related to innovative
practices in selected schools in Ohio. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, Wayne State University.

Gronn, P.C. (1982). Neo-Taylorism in educational administration?
Educational Administration Ouarterly, 18(4), 17-35.


HALL, V, MACKAY, H. & MORGAN, C. (1986) Head Teachers at Work (Milton
Keynes, Open University Press).

Hannaway, J. & Sproull, L.S. (1979). Who's running the show?
Coordination and control in educational organizations. Administrator's
Notebook, 27, 1-4.


JONES, A. (1987) Leadership for Tomorrow's Schools (Oxford,
Blackwell).
Kaerney, James (1977). The principal: Teacher of teachers. NASSP
Bulletin, 61, 1-6.

Lipham, J.M., & Hoeh, J.A. (1974). The Princinalshin: Foundations and
functions. New York: Harper and Row.

Lyon, J. E. (1981). Competencies needed by beginning secondary school
principals. NASS? Bulletin 59-66.

Martin, W.J., & Willower, D.J. (1981). The managerial behavior of high
school principals. Educational Administrative Quarterly, 17(1), 69-90.

McCLELLAND, D.C. & BURNHAM, D.H. (1995) Power is the great motivator,
Harvard Business Review, January/February 1995, Classic Reprint 95108
[originally published March/April 1976].

Morris, V. C., Crowson, R. L., Hurwitz, E., & Porter - Gehrie, C.
(1981). The urban principal. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Murphy, J. and Beck. L. G. (1994). "Restructuring the principalship:
Challenges and possibilities." In J. Murphy and K. S. Louis (Eds.)
Reshaping the principalship: Insights from transformational reform
efforts. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, Inc.

Nakornsri, Tinnakorn (1977). Principals Role Behavior and
Administrative Performance as Perceived by Selected Teachers.
Dissertation Abstracts International. 38, 7062A.

SCHOOL MANAGEMENT TASK FORCE (1990) Developing School Management
(London, HMSO).

Yerkes, Diane M;Guaglianone, Curtis L.., Where Have All the High
School Administrators Gone?; Thrust for Educational Leadership,
Nov/Dec98, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p10, 5p

Nellie_Bly

Clarification of Question by dsqueen-ga on 19 Sep 2002 07:28 PDT
Nelly_Bly,
Yes, this is a great start...stick rigorously with high schools-- they
are distinct from elem schools for many obvious reasons, as the
comments suggest, in terms of adolescents, etc. But also the structure
of DEPARTMENTS (disciplines, science, English, math, etc) each of them
little fiefdoms with cultures all their own. How does a good HS
principal work with that? How do you evaluate and support good
instruction in physics for example, when it's not your field?  And
there are gender issues, more conservative male teachers in math,
science, sometimes history that are active unionists,  and all the
liberal females in English, art, humanities who prefer to avoid
confrontation----it's a stereotype, but lots of truth.  also there is
a movement to break high schools down into small schools (Small
Schools---that Bill Gates among others are funding) what skills do hs
principals need to over see that radical shift...?  Thank you so much 
---dsqueen
Answer  
There is no answer at this time.

Comments  
Subject: Re: High School Leadership
From: pludester-ga on 11 Sep 2002 17:54 PDT
 
Michael Fullen has a series of 3 books, one of which specifically
addresses high schools. The one on HS is called "What's Worth Fighting
For in High School(s?)" Can't find my copy right now of course...
My experience, 10 years HS and MS science and math teaching, is that
many principals are afraid of any leadership but their own. They want
to hold all the power, even if things are going to hell on them. I
have quit public school teaching for good.
Also look at "Schools That Learn" by Peter Senge, full of practical
and useful examples and insights.
Subject: Re: High School Leadership
From: taxmama-ga on 18 Sep 2002 04:59 PDT
 
Dear DSQueen, 

Aside from all the books and research, let me point out a couple of
practical differences between High School (HS) and Elementary
School(ES) principals' requirements.

1) Students in ES tend to be less dangerous than HS students.
Principals must be able to face threats in HS, not just to their
authority, but to their lives - and not take it personally. They must
have excellent diplomatic skills.

2) HS's have lots of after-hours, extra-curricular activities.
Principals who want to maintain the affection, respect and trust of
the student body must spend a great deal of time attending those
events. This can cause some intense problems at home if their spouse
and children don't understand. I've known principals who have been
touted in the papers for their great successes, but haven't spent time
with their families for years.

3) Drugs. Fewer (although existing) on ES campuses. Prevalent in HS's.
It's important to have the skills to deal with kids who've OD'd or
harmed others. Deaths are inevitable. It takes great finesse, and
subtle psychological training, to help children get off drugs.

4) Pregnancies. Rarely ever in ES. More frequent in HS. Counseling and
working with pregnant teens, unwed-mothers, sudden fathers. Balancing
issues of morality in the community against the mothers' need to get
educated. Lots of political and counseling skills. And patience.

5) Sex and raging hormones. Not nearly that big an issue in ES. Hot
issue in HS. Lots of conflict with parents vs students about what
should and should not be openly discussed or dispensed on campus. Need
more political skills, endless patience, cultural perspectives.

6) College admissions and funding. Rarely an issue in ES. A pressing
issue in HS. Principals must be able to direct and inspire counselors
and staff to find the best scholarships and funding opportunities for
their students. AND to inspire students to want to excel in order to
get into college. Leadership, long-term planning skills needed.

Just some random thoughts you might add to all the books.

Best wishes,

Your TaxMama-ga
Subject: Re: High School Leadership
From: mhofstede-ga on 07 Oct 2002 14:55 PDT
 
Dear dsqueen-ga,

There is a large database of educational literature, in which you may
search with "high schools" and "leadership styles" as major
descriptors. It is called AskEric and it is freely accessible on the
Web at http://www.askeric.org. A quick search with the abovementioned
major descriptors turns up the following (short) references:

Score Document Title 
527 ED256066. Mazzarella, Jo Ann. The Effective High School Principal:
Sketches for a Portrait. R&D Perspectives; Win 1985. 1985

521 ED360725. Wettersten, Jill A.. Leadership Strategies of Exemplary
High School Department Chairs: Four Case Studies of Successful "Middle
Managers." . 1993

521 ED271807. Huling-Austin, Leslie; And Others. High School
Principals: Their Role in Guiding Change. . 1985

507 EJ230841. Morris, John E.; Womack, Sid T.. Relationship of
Leadership Styles of Secondary Student Teachers to Learner
Achievement. Southern Journal of Educational Research; v14 n3 p177-90
Sum 1980. 1980

501 EJ152901. Cohen, Jere. The Impact of the Leading Crowd on High
School Change: A Reassessment Adolescence; 11, 43, 373-81, F 76. 1976

498 ED376604. Wettersten, Jill A.. Low Profile, High Impact: Four Case
Studies of High School Department Chairs Whose Transactions
"Transform" Teachers and Administrators. . 1994

You may want to repeat the search for yourself, maybe also using Minor
desriptors or other descriptors like Instructional leadership,
Leaders,
Leaders Guides, Leadership Effectiveness, Leadership Qualities,
Leadership Responsibility, Leadership Training (you'll find those in
the ERIC Thesaurus (left menu)). Be sure to use the Advanced search
interface at http://www.askeric.org/Eric/adv_search.shtml. If you
don't find what you're looking for, or if you find searching in the
database too complicated, you might consider asking one of the AskEric
experts. The problem may be that you have to clarify your question. 
The service is available through their homepage at
http://www.askeric.org/Qa/userform.shtml, as is a Chat service.
In the end you may want to order literature thru their full-text
service.

Best regards,

M. Hofstede

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