Multiple choice. please help me to answer the follwing question.
K-TYPE QUESTIONS: 

A.	If 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B.	If 1 and 3 are correct
C.	If 2 and 4 are correct
D.	If only 4 is correct
E.	If all are correct

1.During circulatory shock:

1.	Blood volume is always reduced
2.	Cardiac output is always reduced
3.	Blood pressure is always reduced
4.	Mean circulatory filling pressure is always reduced

2.During the compensatory phase of hemorrhagic shock:

1.	Baroceptor activity is increased
2.	ADH secretion is increased
3.	Sympathetic stimulation is decreased
4.	Angiotensin II formation is increased

3.During the progressive stage of hemorrhagic shock effective
treatment would include:

1.	Infusion of blood
2.	Infusion of epinephrine
3.	Infusion of plasma
4.	Infusion of vasodilators

4.Comparing the pulmonary and systemic circulations:

1.	Pulmonary arteries are more distensible
2.	Pulmonary blood flow is greater
3.	Pulmonary pressures are lower
4.	Pulmonary blood volume is greater

5.The distribution of blood flow in the lung is influenced mostly by:

1.	Hydrostatic effects
2.	Sympathetic stimulation
3.	Ventilation of alveoli
4.	Parasympathetic stimulation

6.Inspiratory muscles include the:

1.	Diaphragm
2.	Internal intercostals
3.	External intercostals
4.	Abdominal muscles

7. Expiratory muscles include:

1.	Internal intercostals
2.	Diaphragm
3.	Abdominal muscles
4.	External intercostals

8.A decrease in surfactant in the lungs would:

1.	Increase the work of breathing
2.	Eliminate surface tension
3.	Decrease the compliance of the lungs
4.	Increase the compliance of the chest wall

9.Alveolar P02 will be increased by:

1.	An increase in alveolar ventilation
2.	An increase in pulmonary blood flow
3.	A decrease in alveolar PC02
4.	Breath-holding

10.If the ventilation-perfusion ratio is decreased:

1.	Alveolar P02 will decrease
2.	Alveolar PC02 will decrease
3.	Physiological shunting will increase
4.	Physiological dead space will increase

11.If the ventilation-perfusion is increased:

1.	Alveolar P02 will decrease
2.	Alveolar PC02 will decrease
3.	Physiological shunting will increase
4.	Physiological dead space will increase

12.The oxyhemoglobin curve will be shifted to the right by:

1.	Increased PC02
2.	Increased pH
3.	Increased 2, 3-DPG
4.	Decreased temperature

13.The central chemoreceptors are stimulated by:

1.	An increase in arterial PC02
2.	A decrease in arterial P02
3.	A decrease in CSF pH
4.	A decrease in arterial pH

1) In cardiogenic shock the heart is not pumping correctly, so cardiac
output and mean filling pressure are reduced
http://cvm.msu.edu/courses/vm545/fluid/cardsho.htm

2) Baroreceptors have a minimum firing (due to decreasing pressure),
sympathetic responses are increased (to increase pressure), adh and
angII are increased to increase resorbtion of fluid and boost
pressure; 2,4.
http://www.oucom.ohiou.edu/dbms-witmer/Downloads/Klabunde-08-10-00.pdf

3) Blood, plasma, epinephrine will all increase the effective
circulatory volume, increasing pressure and helping the situation. 
Vasodilators will do the opposite.
http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic531.htm

4)  Pulmonary and systemic blood flow are necessarily equal.  The
pulmonary system has less blood volume.  Pulmonary arteries are more
distensible.  Pulmonary pressures are lower.
http://mmi.mcgill.ca/eidelman/lect9pulmonarycirc.htm

5)  All of these influence pulmonary blood flow
http://hsc.virginia.edu/med-ed/phys/pdf/Respiratory/PowerPoint/Sec3_Pulmonary_Blood_Flow.pdf

6) Inspiratory muscles - diaphragm, external intercostals, (scalenes,
sternocleidomastoid)

7) Expiratory muscles - internal intercostals, abdominals
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jrc1/exs336/RSP1-336.pdf

8) Decreased surfactant will increase the work of breathing by
decreasing the compliance of the lungs.  Surface tension will increase
(not decrease) and the compliance of the chest wall does not change.
http://hsc.virginia.edu/med-ed/phys/pdf/Respiratory/PowerPoint/Sec3_Pulmonary_Blood_Flow.pdf

9) Increasing ventilation will increase PaO2 by compensating for O2
removed by the bloodstream.  Decreasing CO2 increases the mass
fraction of O2, and thus increases the PaO2.  An increase in blood
flow would decrease PaO2 by increased removal of O2 (at least
initially - equilibrium would be reached).  Breath-holding would also
decrease PaO2.

10)  Decreasing the ratio of ventilation:perfusion will decrease
alveolar O2 and increase shunting (blood not oxygenated)

11) Increasing the ratio will decrease alveolar CO2 and increase dead
space
http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u10/u1003_01.htm

12) A shift to the right is produced by decreased pH, increased CO2,
increased 2-3 DPG, increased temperature.  So, 1,3.
http://www.monroecc.edu/depts/pstc/paraohdc.htm

13) The central chemoreceptors respond to increased arterial PCO2
sensed as an increase in CSF H+ concentration (decreased pH).

do you just want the answers, or do you want explanations as well?

answers