What is it called and how do you go about it when you want to give an
investor a certain dollar amount to play with and try to make money
for you on a short term basis?

What companies offer these services that have a good value?
What is usually the least dollar amount that you can give an investor
for him to consider investing for you?
What websites have good information about these kinds of services and investing?

Thanks.

You are talking about "Investment Management" services.

One way to do this is to buy a mutual fund, since that essentially
amounts to letting someone else (the fund manager) invest your money. 
However, funds often have rules to discourage short term positions
because it hurts their ability to invest well if they keep having to
generate cash to pay people who exit.

No matter who you are, it is tricky to make money with a short term
investment and somewhat dangerous to try it.

It is essentially illegal for licensed brokers to charge you a
percentage of gains they make for you but you can find companies who
will invest your money for a fee based on your total assets.

Wells Fargo's Private Client Services does provide the service you are
talking about.  They charge a small percentage of the managed assets. 
They have minimum account size of $1 million but may consider your
mortgage or other accounts to meet this minimum.  The first thing they
will do is warn you about the dangers of trying this on a short term
basis or with a hard-and-fast exit date.

https://www.wellsfargo.com/investing/pcs/inv_mgmt

If it were me, I'd look for some bonds with an appropriate maturity.

Look in the yellow pages for a full service broker and visit with
them.  They won't charge you to discuss it.

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<a href="http://www.best-hyip-monitor.com/">Best HYIP Monitor</a>

[url="http://www.best-hyip-monitor.com/"]Best HYIP Monitor[/url], aim
to provide you with a list of the most reliable and best HYIP site
that we could find.
HYIP, which stands for High Yield Investment Program is just what it
sounds like, a program offering a high yield investment. A HYIP
program invests in forex, stocks, properties and other business
opportunities that offer high returns. And of course, there are many
HYIP programs operated by scammers and
[url="http://www.best-hyip-monitor.com/"]Best HYIP Monitor[/url] is
here to serve you as a guide, minimizing the risks of placing your
money in the wrong places.

HYIP are offering probably the most profitable investments available
today. In general, the interest rates are range from anywhere between
5 to 250% a month. The increase's demand of HYIP has led to us
creating this monitor website,
[url="http://www.best-hyip-monitor.com/"]Best HYIP Monitor[/url] to
help source and compile all the Best HYIP sites to give you a clearer
vision, as to which is the most reliable and best HYIP around.
[url="http://www.best-hyip-monitor.com/"]Best HYIP Monitor[/url] do
not endorse or own any of listed HYIP.

Before investing, it is recommended to thoroughly study and understand
the information provided by us, Best HYIP Monitor, and the programs
owner. In every trade, risk is inevitable, but it can be minimize. So
at Best HYIP Monitor, we strongly encourage you to read up more about
HYIP.

Many experienced HYIP investors are able to time their investments and
monitor the best program, thus they are able to make nice monthly
returns. And Best HYIP Monitor is here to serve as a guide for you to
find new and existing profitable programs.

Best HYIP Monitor will monitor and follow closely the programs that
are listed here, so as to provide an up to date site. It is very
important to monitor closely whatever HYIP you invested in. Lastly, a
golden rule to remember when dealing with HYIP is "Always remember: do
not spend what you cannot afford to lose."

Best HYIP Monitor's Disclaimer 

All HYIPs investments possess high risks. Previous Performance of any
of HYIPs is no guarantee for the same or similar performance in the
future. Spend what you can afford to lose. There is no guarantee to
payouts. Be your own judge and trust your judgement once you decided.

[url="http://www.best-hyip-monitor.com/"]Best HYIP Monitor[/url] will
not be responsible for any loss suffered by reader. Reader's decision
to invest is at his/her own will.

It is called Gambling by proxy. 

You don't even get the pleasure of losing your own money. :)