I am looking for case studies on pay TV business models (broadcasting companies!).

More specifically, I'd like to know about differences in business
models / scope of value chain (e.g. sell smartcards to customers
yourself or have them distributed with set top boxes).

A big plus is information on billing systems and subscriber
management, required (scope of) organizational structures and
communications systems.

Perhaps you can give more details. Broadcasting suggests that the
signal travels over the air to the customers TV set. That would mean
persons who did not pay would receive a scrambled signal. I don't
think the FCC would allow this in The USA.   Neil