Does the 3M 8210 particulate respirator prevent inhaling dangerous and
noxious fumes when riding the bicycle in a polluted and humid tropical
city environment such as Bangkok. I am particularly worried about
diesel fumes and two stroke engine exhaust.

That mask won't filter out any gases or fumes, but MAY catch some of
the larger soot particles or road dust.

These masks are specifically designed for what you want: 
http://www.respro.com/urbancommuting.php


I use one, very comfortable and effective.