I am looking for information to compare conventional and alternative
sources of energy with respect to efficiency and environmental impacts
(e.g. burning fossil fuels, solar energy, and nuclear fission.)

Please involve as much chemistry as possible, with calculations,
diagrams, and equations.

I doubt that this question can be well answered in the five or ten
minutes of work that a $2 question usually receives. I suggest raising
the price considerably.

I recommend consulting a few sources for this type of information. All 
are available online:

Weisz, P. Basic Choices and Constraints on Long-Term Energy Supplies. 
Physics Today, July 2004. http://www.aip.org/pt/vol-57/iss-7/p47.html

Renewable Energy: Economic and Environmental Issues. by David Pimentel, 
G. Rodrigues, T. Wane, R. Abrams, K. Goldberg, H. Staecker, E. Ma, L. 
Brueckner, L. Trovato, C. Chow, U. Govindarajulu, and S. Boerke. 
 BioScience -- Vol. 44, No. 8, September 1994. http://dieoff.org/page84.htm

Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options. by Jefferson W. Tester, Elisabeth 
M. Drake, Michael J. Driscoll, Michael W. Golay and William A. Peters
. MIT Press 2005. (The sample chapter gives the type of analysis you
seek.) http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=10566&mode=toc