Hi,
Interesting question...
The Quick Run Down (according to Tradition)
* Saint Stephen was stoned and some 2,000 other Christians
suffered at the time of Stephen's persecution.
* James the Great (Son of Zebedee) was beheaded in 44 A.D.
* Philip was crucified in 54 A.D.
* Matthew killed by a halberd in 60 A.D.
* James the Just, beaten to death by a club after being crucified and stoned.
* Matthias was stoned and beheaded.
* Saint Andrew, St. Peter's brother, was crucified.
* Mark was beaten to death.
* Peter, Saint Peter, crucified upside-down.
* Paul, Apostle Paul, beheaded in Rome.
* Bartholomew was crucified.
* Thomas, was killed by a spear.
* Luke was hanged.
* Simon was crucified in 74 A.D.
* John the Evangelist was cooked in boiling hot oil but survived
and died of old age circa 110 A.D.
--http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_martyrs
I found a great deal more interesting information on the Catholic
Encyclopidea website and a few others.
Mark
"As to the manner of his death, the "Acts" of Mark give the saint the
glory of martyrdom, and say that he died while being dragged through
the streets of Alexandria; so too the Paschal Chronicle. But we have
no evidence earlier than the fourth century that the saint was
martyred. This earlier silence, however, is not at all decisive
against the truth of the later traditions. For the saint's alleged
connexion with Aquileia, see "Acta SS.", XI, pp. 346-7, and for the
removal of his body from Alexandria to Venice and his cultus there,
ibid., pp. 352-8"--http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/09672C.htm
Matthias
"Information concerning the life and death of Matthias is vague and
contradictory. According to Nicephorus (Hist. eccl., 2, 40), he first
preached the Gospel in Judea, then in Ethiopia (that is to say,
Colchis) and was crucified. The Synopsis of Dorotheus contains this
tradition: Matthias in interiore AEthiopia, ubi Hyssus maris portus et
Phasis fluvius est, hominibus barbaris et carnivoris praedicavit
Evangelium. Mortuus est autem in Sebastopoli, ibique prope templum
Solis sepultus (Matthias preached the Gospel to barbarians and
cannibals in the interior of Ethiopia, at the harbour of the sea of
Hyssus, at the mouth of the river Phasis. He died at Sebastopolis, and
was buried there, near the Temple of the Sun). Still another tradition
maintains that Matthias was stoned at Jerusalem by the Jews, and then
beheaded (cf. Tillemont, "Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire eccl. des
six premiers siècles", I, 406-7). It is said that St. Helena brought
the relics of St. Matthias to Rome, and that a portion of them was at
Trier. Bollandus (Acta SS., May, III) doubts if the relics that are in
Rome are not rather those of the St. Matthias who was Bishop of
Jerusalem about the year 120, and whose history would seem to have
been confounded with that of the Apostle."
--http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10066a.htm
James
"James won the crown of martyrdom fourteen years after this prophecy,
A.D. 44. Herod Agrippa I, son of Aristobulus and grandson of Herod the
Great, reigned at that time as "king" over a wider dominion than that
of his grandfather. His great object was to please the Jews in every
way, and he showed great regard for the Mosaic Law and Jewish customs.
In pursuance of this policy, on the occasion of the Passover of A.D.
44, he perpetrated cruelties upon the Church, whose rapid growth
incensed the Jews. The zealous temper of James and his leading part in
the Jewish Christian communities probably led Agrippa to choose him as
the first victim. "He killed James, the brother of John, with the
sword." (Acts 12:1-2). According to a tradition, which, as we learn
from Eusebius (Hist. Eccl., II, ix, 2, 3), was received from Clement
of Alexandria (in the seventh book of his lost "Hypotyposes"), the
accuser who led the Apostle to judgment, moved by his confession,
became himself a Christian, and they were beheaded together."
--http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08279b.htm
Bartholomew
"No mention of St. Bartholomew occurs in ecclesiastical literature
before Eusebius, who mentions that Pantaenus, the master of Origen,
while evangelizing India, was told that the Apostle had preached there
before him and had given to his converts the Gospel of St. Matthew
written in Hebrew, which was still treasured by the Church. "India"
was a name covering a very wide area, including even Arabia Felix.
Other traditions represent St. Bartholomew as preaching in
Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, Armenia, Lycaonia, Phrygia, and on the
shores of the Black Sea; one legend, it is interesting to note,
identifies him with Nathaniel. The manner of his death, said to have
occurred at Albanopolis in Armenia, is equally uncertain; according to
some, he was beheaded, according to others, flayed alive and
crucified, head downward, by order of Astyages, for having converted
his brother, Polymius, King of Armenia. On account of this latter
legend, he is often represented in art (e.g. in Michelangelo's Last
Judgment) as flayed and holding in his hand his own skin."
--http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02313c.htm
Barnabas
"Little is known of the subsequent career of Barnabas. He was still
living and labouring as an Apostle in 56 or 57, when Paul wrote I Cor.
(ix, 5, 6). from which we learn that he, too, like Paul, earned his
own living, though on an equality with other Apostles. The reference
indicates also that the friendship between the two was unimpaired.
When Paul was a prisoner in Rome (61-63), John Mark was attached to
him as a disciple, which is regarded as an indication that Barnabas
was no longer living (Colossians 4:10). This seems probable."
--http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02300a.htm
After spending quite a bit more time on Barnabas, it appears that he
died of natural or near natural causes... he is not listed as martyred
anywhere.
Peter
"Concerning the manner of Peter's death, we possess a
tradition--attested to by Tertullian at the end of the second century
(see above) and by Origen (in Eusebius, "Hist. Eccl.", II, i)--that he
suffered crucifixion. Origen says: "Peter was crucified at Rome with
his head downwards, as he himself had desired to suffer". As the place
of execution may be accepted with great probability the Neronian
Gardens on the Vatican, since there, according to Tacitus, were
enacted in general the gruesome scenes of the Neronian persecution;
and in this district, in the vicinity of the Via Cornelia and at the
foot of the Vatican Hills, the Prince of the Apostles found his burial
place. Of this grave (since the word tropaion was, as already
remarked, rightly understood of the tomb) Caius already speaks in the
third century. For a time the remains of Peter lay with those of Paul
in a vault on the Appian Way at the place ad Catacumbas, where the
Church of St. Sebastian (which on its erection in the fourth century
was dedicated to the two Apostles) now stands."
--http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11744a.htm
John
"The Christian writers of the second and third centuries testify to us
as a tradition universally recognized and doubted by no one that the
Apostle and Evangelist John lived in Asia Minor in the last decades of
the first century and from Ephesus had guided the Churches of that
province...Tertullian's testimony (De praescript., xxxvi), John had
been thrown into a cauldron of boiling oil before the Porta Latina at
Rome without suffering injury. After Domitian's death the Apostle
returned to Ephesus during the reign of Trajan, and at Ephesus he died
about A.D. 100 at a great age."
--http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08492a.htm
Matthew
"There is a disagreement as to the place of St. Matthew's martyrdom
and the kind of torture inflicted on him, therefore it is not known
whether he was burned, stoned, or beheaded. The Roman Martyrology
simply says: "S. Matthæi, qui in Æthiopia prædicans martyrium passus
est".
--http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10056b.htm
Andrew
"It is generally agreed that he was crucified by order of the Roman
Governor, Aegeas or Aegeates, at Patrae in Achaia, and that he was
bound, not nailed, to the cross, in order to prolong his sufferings.
The cross on which he suffered is commonly held to have been the
decussate cross, now known as St. Andrew's, though the evidence for
this view seems to be no older than the fourteenth century. His
martyrdom took place during the reign of Nero, on 30 November, A.D.
60); and both the Latin and Greek Churches keep 30 November as his
feast."
--http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01471a.htm
Simon
"The Abyssinians accordingly relate that he suffered crucifixion as
the Bishop of Jerusalem, after he had preached the Gospel in Samaria.
Where he actually preached the Gospel is uncertain... -- Simon
laboured in Persia, and was there martyred at Suanir. However, Suanir
is probably to be sought in Colchis. According to Moses of Chorene,
Simon met his death in Weriosphora in Iberia; according to the
Georgians, he preached in Colchis. His place of burial is
unknown...His usual attribute is the saw, since his body was said to
have been sawed to pieces..."
--http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13796b.htm
Thomas
"...though the tradition that St. Thomas preached in "India" was
widely spread in both East and West and is to be found in such writers
as Ephraem Syrus, Ambrose, Paulinus, Jerome, and, later Gregory of
Tours and others, still it is difficult to discover any adequate
support for the long-accepted belief that St. Thomas pushed his
missionary journeys as far south as Mylapore, not far from Madras, and
there suffered martyrdom. In that region is still to be found a
granite bas-relief cross with a Pahlavi (ancient Persian) inscription
dating from the seventh century, and the tradition that it was here
that St. Thomas laid down his life is locally very strong."
--http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14658b.htm
The means by which he was executed or murdered (however you wish to
look at martyred) is not recorded by any place I've been able to find.
Being in India, it is likely that he was stoned to death, though there
is a traditional story that Thomas was killed by four soldiers armed
with spears.
See Also...
http://sor.cua.edu/Personage/Qadishe/StThomas.html
"According to the best record we have, an angry pagan priest drove a
spear through his body while he knelt in prayer. Unfortunately,
Portuguese adventurers destroyed precious documents that might have
shed light on Thomas'
history."--http://chi.gospelcom.net/DAILYF/2002/07/daily-07-03-2002.shtml
Paul
Ancient tradition makes it possible to establish the following points:
(1) Paul suffered martyrdom near Rome at a place called Aquae Salviae
(now Tre Fontane), somewhat east of the Ostian Way, about two miles
from the splendid Basilica of San Paolo fuori le mura which marks his
burial place. (2) The martyrdom took place towards the end of the
reign of Nero, in the twelfth year (St. Epiphanius), the thirteenth
(Euthalius), or the fourteenth (St. Jerome). (3) According to the most
common opinion, Paul suffered in the same year and on the same day as
Peter; several Latin Fathers contend that it was on the same day but
not in the same year; the oldest witness, St. Dionysius the
Corinthian, says only kata ton auton kairon, which may be translated
"at the same time" or "about the same time". (4) From time immemorial
the solemnity of the Apostles Peter and Paul has been celebrated on 29
June, which is the anniversary either of their death or of the
translation of their relics.
--http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11567b.htm
Stephen
Stephen's stoning does not appear in the narrative of the Acts as a
deed of mob violence; it must have been looked upon by those who took
part in it as the carrying out of the law. According to law (Leviticus
24:14), or at least its usual interpretation, Stephen had been taken
out of the city; custom required that the person to be stoned be
placed on an elevation from whence with his hands bound he was to be
thrown down. --http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14286b.htm
The identity of the other apostle of the twelve varies between the
Synoptic Gospels and also between ancient manuscripts of each gospel:
* Mark names him as Thaddaeus
* Some manuscripts of Matthew also identify him as Thaddeus
* Some manuscripts of Matthew name him as Lebbaeus
* Some manuscripts of Matthew name him as Judas the Zealot
* Luke names him as Judas, son of James
According to the legend tradition, Jude was son of Cleophas and Mary
Cleophas, a cousin of the Virgin Mary. Tradition has it that Jude's
father, Cleophas, was murdered because of his forthright and outspoken
devotion to the risen Christ. After Mary Cleophas's death, miracles
were attributed to her intercession. Jude had several brothers,
including James, one of the original Apostles. His own first name,
Jude, means giver of joy, while Thaddeus, another name he was called,
means generous and kind. He was later married, had at least one child,
and there are references to his grandchildren living as late as 95
A.D.--http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Jude
There is referance that Jude was crucified (though only one that I
found, and none of the other sources regarding Jude state this or any
other method of death), but Thaddaeus died of old age after a long
life of teaching and healing the sick. There is more evidance around
the one called Thaddaeus.
thanks,
webadept-ga |
