Thanks for getting back to me.
There doesn't seem to be any obvious beginning to the use of the term
'segregation' in regards to Europe's gypsy population. Instead, the
term is simply used as a very ordinary and obvious choice of terms to
describe the state of affairs of the gypsy population.
The earliest reference I found to segregation of the gypsy population
dates back to 1924. But there are undoubtedly even earlier uses of
the term in the literature, even though they did not show up in a
fairly comprehensive search.
I'e listed below, a few (of the many) references I found to
segregation of the gypsies, spanning numerous sources and decades. I
trust this information fully meets your needs.
However, if there's anything else I can do for you, simply let me
know, and I'll be happy to continue working on this.
pafalafa-ga
===============
TURKS SEGREGATING RACIAL MINORITIES
They Establish Zones Forbidden to Arabs, Armenians, Georgians and Greeks.
EVEN GYPSIES INCLUDED
Except Kurds, Inhabitants of Alien Speech May Not Dwell in Separate Communities.
New York Times
Apr 5, 1924. p. 4
You can see the headline for this article by heading here:
http://www.esnips.com/web/GoogleAnswers
and clicking on the file named [ turks and gypsies.jpg ]
A CURB FOR HUNGARY'S ROVING GYPSIES
Government Orders Them to Quit Their Care-Free Life And Settle Down
With Their Music in Domesticity
HUNGARY CURBS HER GYPSIES
By EMERY DERI
New York Times
Sep 30, 1928. p. 86
"...It is the gypsies' innate clannish spirit which forces them to
spearate themselves from the Hungarians...and to inhabit separate
quarters [in] ...their special parts called the "gypsy village." Here
they live, somewhat segregated from the Magyar population...
Bulgaria to Segregate Gypsies
New York Times
May 5, 1942. p. 11
BRITISH PLAN HOUSING SITES FOR GYPSIES
Also Hope to Extend Welfare Benefits
Chicago Daily Tribune
Dec 26, 1961. p. A1
"The government's plans were announced after a day-long debate on the
plight of the gypsies...Norman Dodds, a Socialist member, described
the gypsies as "Britain's otcasts and refugees."..."The segregation
laws of South Africa, whcich we rightly despise, would be a blessing
to the thousands of gypsies in Britain today," Dodds said."
Gypsies Allege Discrimination
The Washington Post
Aug 6, 1963. p. A9
Parley in Spain Seeks Integration of Gypsies
By David Darrah.
The Washington Post
Jun 13, 1965. p. A32
Here Come Gypsies; Call Them Citizens
By PAUL HOFMANN
New York Times
Apr 30, 1978. p. E8
Irish Gypsy: Native as Shamrock, Hated as Plague
By J0N NORDHEIMER
New York Times
Feb 17, 1983. p. A2
Spain's Hated Gypsies Stay True to Themselves
By EDWARD SCHUMACHER
The New York Times
Oct 25, 1984. p. A2
BBC
October 1, 1982
Slovak State Official on Successes in Policy Towards Gypsies
''The basic problem in the process of raising the cultural standards
of the gypsy population must be seen in their housing conditions, as
well as in their views on birthrate, which were generated by the
former capitalist regimes. Capitalism pushed the gypsies to the outer
limits of villages, or two or three km from the villages and virtually
segregated them from society.
BBC
May 28, 1983
'Vilaggazdasag' Debate on the Status of Gypsies
"...It is a fact that the gypsies for a long time opposed political
loyalties and the dynamic and many-sided effect of environmental
community forms, but in spite of this they have been unable to
conserve, to build further, their language and customs. The internal
segregation that takes place among the gypsies, which affects the
anthropological, linguistic and cultural apsect, has irreparable
consequences with regard to their homogenous life..."
U.S. Dept. of State Dispatch
February 1, 1991
1990 Human Rights Report
YUGOSLAVIA
"Gypsy organizations claim that Gypsies are discriminated against.
They cite Yugoslav sociological studies stating that Gypsies are the
first to feel the effects of poverty, unemployment, and housing
shortages and that they suffer from social segregation. The Serbian
minority in Kosovo has complained of physical mistreatment by the
ethnic Albanian majority. Reports of such mistreatment collected by
members of the Serbian Orthodox clergy in 1990 include physical
assault, the burning of property, and attempted rape. The Serbian
minority in Croatia has complained of discrimination, citing such
matters as limited availability of textbooks or newspapers in the
Cyrillic alphabet..."
===============
Again, let me know if there's anything else you need.
paf
search strategy -- Searched EU records, Google, and newspaper archives
for [ gypsies OR roma and segregation ] |
Clarification of Answer by
pafalafa-ga
on
14 Jun 2006 07:03 PDT
Sure thing. Here are some additional materials from the EU on
segregation of the Roma:
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/soc-prot/soc-incl/sk_jim_en.pdf
Joint memorandum on Social Inclusion
...The most recent data available on the number of Roma drawing social
assistance benefit in 1997 shows that as many as 80% of the Roma were
dependent upon this benefit. This is clearly a high-risk group, and
the available data and field research indicate that a large section of
the Roma population lives in extreme poverty. This mainly applies to
the Roma living in segregated settlements, whose number more than
doubled between 1988 and 2000 (from 278 settlements in 1988 to 620 in
2000). It is estimated that a quarter of the Roma live here. These
locations saw an increase in the key indicators of poverty and social
exclusion.
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/soc-prot/soc-incl/hu_jim_en.pdf
JOINT MEMORANDUM ON SOCIAL INCLUSION OF HUNGARY
...On the basis of sociological surveys, there are approximately 700
schools in which Roma children are segregated in education (studying
in separate classes). European Community legislation prohibits racial
discrimination in employment, education, social security, health care,
housing and access to goods and services.
...nearly two-thirds of the Roma households (65.1%) lived in
segregated areas called "colonies" under unfavourable housing
conditions.
...The 1993-93 survey pointed out that 13.9% of the Roma population
(about 70 000 people) lived in segregated settlements or colony-type
neighbourhoods with insufficient utility supply, and low
infrastructure, or in urban colonies in poor conditions.
...Another study carried out in 2000 found that approximately 20% of
the Roma population (100 000 people) lived in segregated settlements.
...The difference between 1993-94 and 2000 can be explained by the
increasing segregation and marginalisation of the poorest stratum of
the population.
...The Commission encourages Hungary to make greater efforts to
facilitate access to housing for the Roma in non-segregated areas.
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/soc-prot/soc-incl/cz_jim_en.pdf
JOINT MEMORANDUM ON SOCIAL INCLUSION OF CZECH REPUBLIC
[There's a lot in this report about segregation of the Roma, but not
in a readily extractable form]
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/expert/infopress_page/014-8637-152-06-22-902-20060531IPR08614-01-06-2006-2006-false/default_en.htm
Roma women in the EU
...It also calls for proactive measures to eliminate racially
segregated maternity wards, to help victims of domestic violence and
for particular vigilance regarding the trafficking of Roma women.
You can find additional EU materials on this topic by exploring the
many items listed at this link:
://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2006-22,GGLG:en&q=site:europa%2Eeu+gypsies+OR+roma+segregation+OR+segregated
As for the newspaper articles, I'm afraid these are not available at
internet links, as they come from a subscription database called
Proquest. If you have access to a reasearch library, the librarian
may be able to assist you in getting copies of the actual articles.
Let me know if there's anything else you need.
pafalafa-ga
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