Please help me to answer the following questions.
Directions: Choose the single best answer for each question below
except those questions    with specific instructions.

Questions 1 - 5

 A. Active Transport

 B. Facilitated Diffusion

 C. Both

 D. Neither


1.  Does not require energy expenditure by the cell. 

2.  Is always down a concentration gradient.

3.  Can occur up an electro-chemical gradient. 

4.  Involves a membrane protein carrier.

5.  Shows saturation kinetics.

The next series of questions consists of a series of lettered words or
phrases followed by numbered words or phrases. For each numbered word
or phrase select the lettered word or phrases most closely associated
with it. Each lettered word or phrase may be used once, more than once
or not at all.


 A. isovolumetric contraction

 B. rapid ejection

 C. reduced ejection

 D. isovolumetric relaxation

 E. rapid filling

 F. diastasis

 G. atrial contraction

6.  A-V valves close.

7.  First heart sound.

8.  Second heart sound.

9.  Volume of blood in ventricles the lowest.

10.  A wave of the atrial pressure curve.

11.  C wave of the atrial pressure curve.

12.  Q wave of the ECG.


The following paired items are to be compared quantitatively

 Answer: 1. if A is greater than B

  2. if B is greater than A

  3. if the two are equal or nearly equal


13.  A. Conduction velocity in ventricular muscle

  B. Conduction velocity in Purkinje fibers


14.  A. Conduction velocity in Bachmann's Bundle

  B. Conduction velocity in the A-V node


15.  A. Magnitude of the T wave in the same lead

  B. Magnitude of the R wave


16.  A. Distensibility of arteries

  B. Distensibility of veins


17.  A. Volume of blood in the systemic veins

  B. Volume of blood in the systemic capillaries


18.  A. Velocity of flow (m/sec) in capillaries

  B. Velocity of flow (m/sec) in arteries


19.  A. Volume flow (L/min) in capillaries

  B. Volume flow (L/min) in arteries


20.  A. Heart rate during rest

  B. Heart rate during Bainbridge Reflex


21.  A. Velocity of muscle contraction at high load

  B. Velocity of muscle contraction at zero load

1)  Active transport requires energy, facilitated diffusion does not. 
B
2)  Active transport can go up or down a gradient.  Facilitated
diffusion only can go down a gradient.  B
3)  Only active transport can go up a gradient.  A
4)  Both use carrier proteins C
5)  Both processes can be saturated C

Nice page explaining membrane transport:
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/D/Diffusion.html

6) The AV valves close at the begining of isovolumetric contraction -
A
7) The first heart sound corresponds to the closure of the AV valves -
A
8) The second heart sound is the closure of the aortic and pulmonary
valves, beginning the phase of isovolumetric relaxation - D
9) The isovolumetric relaxation phase also corresponds to the lowest
LV vol - D
10) The a wave is atrial contraction - G
11) The c wave is rapid ejection - B
12) The Q wave occurs during atrial contration - G

A nice diagram:
http://www.oucom.ohiou.edu/CVPhysiology/cardiac%20cycle%20fig.htm

Another good diagram:
http://human.physiol.arizona.edu/SCHED/CV/Burt/BurtSlides/BurtLec13Slides.pdf

13) Purkinjie fibers are faster than muscle - 2
14) The AV node delays conduction - 1
15) The R wave is larger than the T wave - 1

A good site for cardiac conduction:
http://www.duke.edu/~wj/ecg/background.html

16) veins are more distensible - 2
17) the volume of blood is larger in the veins - 1
18) the velocity of flow is faster in arteries - 2
19) the volume of flow (systemically) is equal - 3


A reasonable description of blood flow:
http://www.lawrenz.com/cam1lit2.htm

20) The Bainbridge reflex increases the heart rate - 2
http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/419.html

21) The Starling curve is non-optmal at both zero and high load - 3
http://www.oucom.ohiou.edu/cvphysiology/CF003.htm

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Clarification of Answer by synarchy-ga on 09 Oct 2002 17:34 PDT

recommended search strategy: membrane transport, cardiac cycle,
electrophysiology heart, starling curve, bainbridge reflex