Hello Blucken,
Below you will find statistic information and reports regarding the
cement, concrete and cement additives market.
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CEMENT
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Highlights taken from the 2006 PCA Fact Sheet
2005 was a record year for U.S. cement consumption.
?Cement consumption in the United States grew to nearly 127 million metric
tons in 2005, an increase of 5.9 percent over 2004. This was the third straight
year of growth for the cement industry.?
?In 2006, cement consumption is projected to increase by 3.5%.?
?Increases in commercial and public works construction are expected to more
than offset a modest residential slowdown brought about by gradually rising
mortgage rates.?
?Cement intensity, measured by cement consumption per dollar of
construction, is expected to continue to increase ? adding to cement demand.
PCA?s forecast calls for gains in cement consumption for at least another two
Years.?
(?)
Expansion
?Cement companies are investing nearly $4.5 billion in the largest capacity
expansion effort in the industry?s history.?
This expansion will increase capacity by approximately 20 million
metric tons by the year 2010.
This will decrease the United States? dependence on foreign supply and
diminish the impact of global uncertainties on cement supply.
? Most of the planned capacity expansion will not be available until after 2008.?
Import volumes
?Imports reached a record level during 2005. Imports? share of the total market
rose from 23.8% in 2004 to 27.7% (33.7 million metric tons) in 2005.?
?PCA expects further increases in import volume increases through 2008.?
?Through the first quarter of 2006, consumption increased by more than 15% over
record 2005 levels.?
Fact Sheet: June 8, 2006
http://www.cement.org/Fact%20Sheet%20on%202006%20Cement%20Supply%2006082006.pdf
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TOP TEN U.S. CEMENT PRODUCERS
Lafarge North America
Texas Industries
Holcim (U.S.)
Essroc Italcementi Group
Cemex USA
Lehigh Cement
Buzzi Unicem USA
California Portland Cement
Centex
Ash Grove Cement
http://www.nrmca.org/news/connections/Fall_2004_ConcreteInFocus.pdf
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Lafarge North America
?One of North America's largest building materials manufacturers, it
operates more than 1,000 facilities in the US and Canada (through
Lafarge Canada). Lafarge North America's construction materials
products (about 60% of sales) include aggregates (more than 130
million tons annually), asphalt, ready-mixed concrete, and concrete
pipes and blocks. Cement (about 14 million tons annually) accounts for
about one-third of sales. The company also makes gypsum wallboard
products. It operates North America's largest drywall plants, located
in Kentucky and Florida. French building materials conglomerate
Lafarge S.A. owns the company?
2005 Sales (mil.) $4,309.6
1-Year Sales Growth 14.5%
2005 Net Income (mil.) $271.0
1-Year Net Income Growth (8.3%)
Hoover?s
http://www.hoovers.com/lafarge-north-america/--ID__10880--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml
Ash Grove Cement Company
?Ash Grove Cement is a pioneer in the US cement industry. The company,
one of the largest cement manufacturers in the US, operates nine
plants with an annual capacity of more than 7.8 million tons of
cement. Ash Grove's products include portland and masonry cements used
in roads, bridges, and buildings, as well as ready-mix concrete. It
also operates aggregate quarries in the US and Canada and a lime plant
in Oregon. Other operations include Ash Grove Packaging (packaged
materials), Permanent Paving (concrete paving services), and Cedar
Creek Properties (real estate development).?
Hoover?s
http://www.hoovers.com/ash-grove-cement/--ID__107304--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml
Holcim (US)
?Holcim (US) Inc.'s position as a leading US cement maker is set in
concrete. Holcim (US) produces and sells both ready-mix concrete and
aggregates. Its customers include manufacturers of concrete products
and dealers of ready-mixed concrete and building materials in more
than a dozen sales regions throughout the country. Holcim (US) has a
production capacity of 17 million tons of cement through 15
cement-production plants and more than 70 distribution terminals; it
also imports cement from overseas affiliates. The company is a
subsidiary of Switzerland-based Holcim Ltd.?
Hoover?s
http://www.hoovers.com/holcim-(us)/--ID__54725--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml
CEMEX, Inc.
?CEMEX now boasts that it's the largest ready-mix company in the US as
well as the US's largest cement company. In addition to cement and
ready-mix, CEMEX, Inc. also makes and sells concrete block and
aggregates. It serves customers through more than 300 ready-mix plants
(up from 90 before the acquisition), 12 cement plants, 56 distribution
facilities, and 50 aggregate quarries.?
Hoover?s
http://www.hoovers.com/cemex,-inc./--ID__117080--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml
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Cement Industry
The cement industry is a relatively small but significant component of
the U.S. economy, with annual shipments valued at around $8.6 billion.
?In the United States, 39 companies operate 118 cement plants in 38
states. Worldwide, the United States ranks third in cement production,
behind China ? the world?s leading producer ? and India.?
?U.S. cement production is rather widely distributed. The largest
company produces just over 13% of the industry total, and the top five
companies collectively produce around 53%. Foreign companies now own
approximately 81% of U.S. cement capacity, up from about 22% in 1980.
Investments during the 80?s by European companies, as well as Asian
entities, were spurred by the favorable position of the U.S. dollar
against foreign currencies.?
(?)
?In 2002, U.S. Portland cement consumption was 103.8 million metric
tons, a decline of 4% from 2001 levels. Cement?s fate ? like that of
most of the other building materials ? is closely tied to that of the
construction industry. Cement consumption is spurred by strong
performance in the construction industry as a whole; however,
individual sector growth, such as highway construction, affects cement
consumption more heavily.?
(?)
Seasonal
?The cement business, however, is fairly seasonal. Nearly two-thirds
of U.S. cement consumption occurs in the six months between May and
October. The seasonal nature of the industry can result in large
swings in cement and clinker (unfinished raw material) inventories at
cement plants over the course of a year. Cement producers will
typically build up inventories during the winter and ship them during
the summer.?
Regional
?The cement industry is also regional in nature. Because the cost of
shipping cement quickly overtakes its value, customers traditionally
purchase cement from local sources. Nearly 96% of U.S. cement is
shipped to consumers by truck. Barge and rail modes account for the
remaining distribution modes.?
?Approximately 75% of all shipments are sent to ready-mix concrete
operators. Plants shipped 13% of the cement they manufactured to
concrete product manufacturers, 6% to contractors, and 3% to building
material dealers.?
Imports
?The gap between domestic production and consumption was filled in
2002 by 24.2 million metric tons of imported cement and cement
clinker. About 56% of cement and clinker imported in 2002 came from
four major countries: Canada, Thailand, China, and Greece. Imports
from Thailand, less than one million metric tons in 1998, surged to
4.3 million metric tons in 2002.?
(?)
?Exports of cement seldom exceed 1% of total U.S. production.?
(?)
?The cement industry has boosted efficiency by concentrating new
capital investment in plants that use the dry process of cement
manufacture, and by phasing out operations that rely on the more
energy-intensive wet process.?? ?Currently, about 81% of the cement
produced in the United States is manufactured using dry process
technology.?
Cement.org
http://www.cement.org/basics/cementindustry.asp
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Factors that could help ease cement shortages
?Increase domestic production, which would mean expanding existing
plants or constructing new ones. In the U.S., 39 companies currently
operate 118 cement plants in 38 states. But building new plants
requires months or even years of wading through environmental
permitting processes. Once a permit is obtained, construction of a new
cement plant generally takes a minimum of two years.?
?Ashgrove Cement Co., Overland Park, Kan., currently is considering
building a new 1.7-million-ton-a-year plant in Moapa, Nev., 40 miles
north of Las Vegas. The plant would help increase the cement supply in
the West. The company hopes to obtain a permit by October 2006 and
have the plant up and running by October 2008. Overall, U.S. cement
companies have announced plans to expand cement production by 17
million tons a year by 2009, about an 18% increase in domestic
capacity.?
U.S. tariff on Mexican-produced cement
?Another possible short-term fix is to lift the 15-year-old U.S.
tariff on Mexican-produced cement. The current $33-per-cu-yd tariff
was imposed by Congress after a petition in 1990 by a group of U.S.
cement producers called the Southern Tier Cement Committee, which
claimed their businesses at the time were being hurt by Mexican cement
producers dumping their product in the U.S. market.?
http://constructor.construction.com/features/build/archives/2006-01materials.asp
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Tariffs
?Many companies are continuing to struggle with short cement and
concrete supply in the U.S., slowing both private and government
construction projects. Governors of three U.S. states have asked the
federal government to lift tariffs that restrict Mexican cement from
entering this country. (The largest U.S. cement and concrete producer
is Cemex, a Mexican-based firm, which could benefit from removal of
tariffs).?
Purchasing, Sept 1, 2005
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1:136206950/Many+companies+are+continuing+to+struggle%7eR%7e(need+to+lift+tariffs+on+Cemex+S%7eR%7eA%7eR%7e+de+C%7eR%7eV+to+increase+the+pace+of+cement+industry)(Brief+Article).html?refid=SEO
===============================
Cement consumption expected to increase
According to the Portland Cement Association, the rebuilding the Gulf
Coast region after Hurricane Katrina will push cement consumption even
higher then current record levels.
?Experts estimate that rebuilding New Orleans will require at least
four-million-tons of cement during the next four to five years.?
Bulk Transporter Sept 28, 2005
http://bulktransporter.com/news/cement/index.html
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2006 Cement Use To Grow
?Experts predict cement consumption this year to increase more than 5
percent over 2004 levels, despite this year's hurricanes. Residential
construction is expected to decline due to raising mortgage rates in
2006; however, increases in commercial construction and public works
construction will more than offset the residential slowdown and
provide a net cement consumption gain in 2006.?
California Builder and Engineer, Jan 2, 2006
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1:140517209/2006+Cement+Use+To+Grow%7eR%7e(Brief+Article).html?refid=SEO
===============================
U.S. CEMENT CONSUMPTION FORECAST ? 2002-2005
http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/CementAmericas/2004/01/01/370363
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Types of Cement
There are many different properties and applications of cements for
use in concrete including; portland, blended, and hydraulic cements.
http://www.cement.org/tech/cct_port_cem_prod_tech.asp
Portland Cement
"Portland cements are hydraulic cements composed primarily of
hydraulic calcium silicates. ASTM C 150, Standard Specification for
Portland Cement, recognizes eight types of portland cement:
http://www.cement.org/tech/cct_cement_types.asp#portland
Blended Cements
?Blended hydraulic cements are produced by intimately and uniformly
intergrinding or blending two or more types of fine materials. The
primary materials are portland cement, ground granulated blast furnace
slag, fly ash, silica fume, calcined clay, other pozzolans, hydrated
lime, and pre-blended combinations of these materials.?
http://www.cement.org/tech/cct_cement_types.asp#blended
Hydraulic Cements
?All portland and blended cements are hydraulic cements. "Hydraulic
cement" is merely a broader term. ASTM C 1157, Performance
Specification for Hydraulic Cements, is a performance specification
that includes portland cement, modified portland cement, and blended
cements. ASTM C 1157 recognizes six types of hydraulic cements:
http://www.cement.org/tech/cct_cement_types.asp#hydraulic
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Prescriptive vs. Performance Specifications for Cements
A description of the differences and some of the potential benefits
and drawbacks of each can be found here:
http://www.cement.org/tech/pdfs/pl981pre.pdf
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Cement production is energy-intensive - it accounts for 5 percent of
global carbon dioxide emissions - and it touches on a wide range of
sustainability issues including:
Climate change
Pollution
Resource depletion
Worker health and safety
http://www.wbcsd.org/templates/TemplateWBCSD5/layout.asp?type=p&MenuId=NzY&doOpen=1&ClickMenu=LeftMenu
Cement Sustainability Initiative
?Making cement poses a number of sustainability issues. Dust and
noise from cement plants and quarries are specific local issues. Fuels
and raw materials used in the manufacturing process generate
greenhouse gases and sometimes controversy. Land used for quarries
must be restored to help retain landscape and local biodiversity.?
Executive Brief
Features key information about the project
http://www.wbcsd.org/DocRoot/TaofmBXxq2cJd6Ip54Wx/Cement.pdf
CO2 Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Cement Industry - June 2005
?This protocol is intended as a tool for cement companies worldwide.
It provides a harmonized methodology for calculating CO2 emissions,
with a view to reporting these emissions for various purposes. It
addresses all direct and the main indirect sources of CO2 emissions
related to the cement manufacturing process in absolute as well as
specific or unit-based terms.?
http://www.wbcsdcement.org/climate.asp
Download here:
http://www.wbcsdcement.org/pdf/tf1/tf1_guidelines.pdf
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Guidelines for the Selection and Use of Fuels and Raw Materials in the
Cement Manufacturing
Download here:
http://www.wbcsdcement.org/pdf/tf2/tf2_guidelines.pdf
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Formation and Release of POPs in the Cement Industry
23 January 2006
Download here:
http://www.wbcsdcement.org/pdf/formation_release_pops_second_edition.pdf
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CONCRETE
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?The U.S. uses about 340 million cubic yards (260 million cubic
meters) of ready-mixed concrete each year. It is used in highways,
streets, parking lots, parking garages, bridges, high-rise buildings,
dams, homes, floors, sidewalks, driveways, and numerous other
applications.?
http://www.cement.org/tech/
===============================
Growth
?Concrete producers are part of a $90 billion industry that is
expected to grow further by 2004. Put-in-place construction spending,
for both private and public construction, has increased, according to
the U.S. Census Bureau. As of June 2003, construction spending totaled
$872.5 billion and will continue to grow, further solidifying
concrete's reign as a domestic industry leader.?
?Researchers and industry analysts predict a steady increase for the industry.?
?The ready-mixed concrete, block, and brick industries will grow by
9.5% in 2004, according to JT Research LLC, Portland, Ore. The
estimated growth for cement is 11.9%.?
(?)
?Leading concrete producers are focusing their attention on specific
geographic locations without spreading themselves too thin. THE
CONCRETE PRODUCER found that the top 10 producers operate in an
average of four geographic markets. Based on survey responses, the
Midwest is the region with the most concrete operations. The West and
Northeast are tied for the second most popular region. The South
Central region has the fewest concrete producers.?
The future of concrete
?The concrete industry will continue to grow as companies expand their
markets through product lines and regionalism. Though M&A activity in
the construction materials industry has declined, BGL says the
industry is still headed toward further consolidations. More
international firms will acquire companies in the United States.?
(?)
?The concrete industry is a driving force, and it won't slow down
soon. There will always be a need to build, rebuild, and expand
infrastructures, housing, and road construction. Concrete is on the
forefront.?
Largest Concrete Producers
$1 Billion + Annual Sales North American HQ
1 Cemex USA Operation Houston, Texas
2 Lafarge North America Inc. Herdon, Va.
3 Oldcastle Inc. Atlanta, Ga.
4 Vulcan Materials Co. Birmingham, Ala.
5 Rinker Materials West Palm Beach, Fla.
6 Aggregate Industries Inc. Saugus, Mass.
7 A. Teichert and Son Inc. Sacramento, Calif.
8 Granite Construction Inc. Watsonville, Calif.
9 Lehigh Cement Co. Allentown, Pa.
10 RMC Industries Corp. Decatur, Ga.
11 Martin Marietta Materials Raleigh, N.C.
12 TXI Dallas, Texas
13 Holcim US Inc. Dundee, Mich.
Staker Parson
http://www.stakerparson.com/news/news.cfm?id=47
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TOP FOUR U.S. AGGREGATE PRODUCERS
Vulcan
Martin Marietta
Hanson
Oldcastle
http://www.nrmca.org/news/connections/Fall_2004_ConcreteInFocus.pdf
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Vulcan Materials Company
?The company is the largest producer of construction aggregates --
crushed stone, gravel, and sand -- in the US. Vulcan produces
aggregates, asphalt mixes, and ready-mixed concrete at more than 220
aggregate plants in the US (primarily in the Southeast) and Mexico.
Aggregates account for about two-thirds of sales.?
2005 Sales (mil.) $2,895.3
1-Year Sales Growth 18.0%
2005 Net Income (mil.) $388.7
1-Year Net Income Growth 35.2%
Hoover?s
http://www.hoovers.com/vulcan-materials/--ID__11591--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml
Financial Information
http://www.hoovers.com/vulcan-materials/--ID__11591,ticker__--/free-co-fin-factsheet.xhtml
VULCAN MATERIALS CO
10-K filed on 02/28/2006
?Vulcan provides essential infrastructure materials required by the
U.S. economy. We are the nation?s largest producer of construction
aggregates ? primarily crushed stone, sand and gravel ? and a major
producer of asphalt and concrete.?
"Our business consists of the production, distribution and sale of
construction aggregates and other construction materials and related
services. Construction aggregates include crushed stone, sand and
gravel, rock asphalt and recrushed concrete. Aggregates are employed
in virtually all types of construction, including highway construction
and maintenance, and in the production of asphaltic and portland
cement concrete mixes."
Net Sales by Product 2005
Aggregates $ 1,884.0
Asphaltic products and placement 375.3
Concrete 252.1
Other 103.6
Total $ 2,615.0
Hoover's
http://www.hoovers.com/free/co/secoutline.xhtml?ID=11591&ipage=3998350&filingID=997e477f5b54e5e9de642f88f0eda1ca
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Martin Marietta Materials, Inc
?The company is the #2 US producer (behind Vulcan Materials) of
aggregates for highway, infrastructure, commercial, and residential
construction. MMM's Martin Marietta Aggregates division (more than 90%
of sales) produces about 200 million tons of granite, limestone, sand,
and gravel annually. The division also has ready-mixed concrete,
asphalt, and road paving operations.?
2005 Sales (mil.) $2,004.2
1-Year Sales Growth 13.9%
2005 Net Income (mil.) $192.7
1-Year Net Income Growth 49.1%
Hoover?s
http://www.hoovers.com/martin-marietta-materials/--ID__41940--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml
Financial Information
http://www.hoovers.com/martin-marietta-materials/--ID__41940,ticker__--/free-co-fin-factsheet.xhtml
MARTIN MARIETTA MATERIALS INC
10-k Annual Report filed on 02/02/2006
?The Company is the United States? second largest producer of
aggregates. In 2005, the Company?s Aggregates segment shipped 203.2
million tons of aggregates primarily to customers in 31 states,
Canada, the Bahamas, and the Caribbean Islands, generating net sales
and earnings from operations of $1.6 billion and $299.2 million,
respectively. ?
?The Aggregates segment markets its products primarily to the
construction industry, with approximately 45% of its shipments made to
contractors in connection with highway and other public infrastructure
projects and the balance of its shipments made primarily to
contractors in connection with commercial and residential construction
projects. As a result of dependence upon the construction industry,
the profitability of aggregates producers is sensitive to national,
regional, and local economic conditions, and particularly to cyclical
swings in construction spending, which is affected by fluctuations in
interest rates, demographic and population shifts, and changes in the
level of infrastructure spending funded by the public sector. The
Company?s Aggregates business covers a wide geographic area, with
aggregates, asphalt products, and ready mixed concrete sold and
shipped from a network of approximately 325 quarries, distribution
facilities, and plants in 28 states, Canada, the Bahamas, and the
Caribbean Islands, although the Company?s five largest
revenue-generating states (Texas, North Carolina, Georgia, Iowa, and
Florida) account for approximately 55% of total 2005 net sales by
state of destination. The Company?s business is accordingly affected
by the economies in these regions and has been adversely affected in
part by recessions and weaknesses in these economies from time to
time.?
(?)
?The Company?s operations are subject to and affected by federal,
state, and local laws and regulations relating to the environment,
health and safety, and other regulatory matters. Certain of the
Company?s operations may from time to time involve the use of
substances that are classified as toxic or hazardous substances within
the meaning of these laws and regulations. Environmental operating
permits are, or may be, required for certain of the Company?s
operations, and such permits are subject to modification, renewal, and
revocation.?
(?)
?The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 required the EPA to develop
regulations for a broad spectrum of industrial sectors that emit
hazardous air pollutants, including lime manufacturing. The new
standards to be established would require plants in the targeted
industries to install feasible control equipment for certain hazardous
air pollutants, thereby significantly reducing air emissions. The
Company and other lime manufacturers through the National Lime
Association, the leading industry trade association (?NLA?), worked
with the EPA to define test protocols, better define the scope of the
standards, determine the existence and feasibility of various
technologies, and develop realistic emission limitations and
continuous emissions monitoring/reporting requirements for the lime
industry. The EPA received comments on its proposed technology-based
standards for the industry in November 2000, and a proposed rule for
the national emission standards for lime manufacturing plants was
released on December 20, 2002. The proposed rules favorably addressed
many of the issues raised by NLA in the negotiation process. NLA and
the Company submitted comments on the proposed rules in February 2003.
The EPA published the final rule in the Federal Register on January 5,
2004, and facilities must be in compliance within three years after
the date of publication. The Company believes that there are several
alternatives for achieving compliance with the new technology-based
standard, and that any costs associated with the upgrade and/or
replacement of equipment required to comply with the new regulations
will not have a material adverse effect on the Company?s operations or
its financial condition, but can give no assurance that the compliance
costs will not have a material adverse effect on the financial
condition or results of the operations of the Magnesia Specialties
business. ?
(?)
?We sell most of our aggregate products to the construction industry,
so our results depend on the strength of the construction industry.
Since our business depends on construction spending, which can be
cyclical, our profits are sensitive to national, regional, and local
economic conditions. Construction spending is affected by economic
conditions, changes in interest rates, demographic and population
shifts, and changes in construction spending by federal, state, and
local governments. If economic conditions change, a recession in the
construction industry may occur and affect the demand for our
aggregate products. Construction spending can also be disrupted by
terrorist activity and armed conflicts.?
http://www.hoovers.com/free/co/secdoc.xhtml?ID=&ipage=3995057&doc=0&attach=on
=====================
Oldcastle Inc.
?The company, a subsidiary of Ireland-based CRH, is made up of five
divisions: Oldcastle Glass fabricates architectural glass through more
than 40 facilities in the US and Canada; Oldcastle Architectural
Products makes architectural masonry and ornamental concrete products;
Oldcastle Distribution distributes siding and roofing materials;
Oldcastle Materials supplies aggregates, asphalt, and ready-mix
concrete, and provides paving services; and Oldcastle Precast makes
precast concrete products such as concrete telecommunications
structures, environmental containment vaults, and modular buildings.?
Sales (mil.) $2,147.5
Hoover?s
http://www.hoovers.com/oldcastle/--ID__111761--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml
===============================
READY-MIXED CONCRETE
Industry Snapshot
This comprehensive report provides the following information:
- ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE
- BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT
- CURRENT CONDITIONS
- INDUSTRY LEADERS
- WORKFORCE
- RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
Read the complete report here:
http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/industries/Stone-Clay-Glass-Concrete/Ready-Mixed-Concrete.html
===============================
Decorative Concrete
?The decorative market has been continuing to gain strength in the
past few years, and is often referred to as the fastest growing
segment of the industry. It?s important for the attention it brings to
concrete construction. It turns the ubiquitous material that is taken
for granted, or barely noticed, into the main attraction. Decorative
concrete is to plain concrete as a luxury edition car is to the base
model.?
The Color-Concrete Boom
The demand for colored concrete is rising at an unprecedented rate.
?The use of colored concrete is up in all regions. According to an
article in the March edition of Concrete Producer Magazine, Industry
wide, ready mixed concrete that contained color represented about 2
percent (8-million cubic yards) of 2003 shipments. This year that
number should climb to 2.5 percent, jumping to 3.1 percent in 2005 and
4 percent in 2006. In the ready mixed concrete business, this type of
increase is a quantum leap and an excellent business opportunity for
the market-savvy producer.?
http://www.nrmca.org/news/connections/Fall_2004_ConcreteInFocus.pdf
===============================
PCA Concrete Technology Research
Numerous studies are available at the link below.
http://www.cement.org/tech/cct_pca_research_tech.asp
===============================
CEMENT AND CONCRETE ADDITIVES
===============================
Abstract
Demand to increase 6.2% annually through 2010
?US demand for cement and concrete additives is forecast to rise 6.2
percent per year to $2.3 billion in 2010, outpacing concrete demand
and overall construction expenditures. Among the factors fueling gains
will be a rebound in the nonresidential construction market, as well
as healthy increases in highway and street spending. Additionally,
greater acceptance of mineral additives such as fly ash and blast
furnace slag will drive demand for these products as partial
substitutions for portland cement. Value gains will benefit from a
shift toward higher-value products in additives such as water
reducers, accelerators and air entrainers. ?
Chemical additives to remain dominant product
?Chemical additives will remain the largest product segment,
comprising half of the total market in value terms. Gains will be led
by strong demand for water reducers, especially high-range
"superplasticizer" types, which are key components of
self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Additionally, the rise of
better-performing polycarboxylate superplasticizers will expand the
range of applications for water reducers in concrete. The market for
accelerators and air entrainers will be characterized by a trend away
from traditional commodity products, although the performance of these
alternative formulations remains in question. Demand for mineral
additives will grow nearly seven percent per year through 2010, with
almost all products posting above-average gains. Fly ash and blast
furnace slag will benefit from use as low-cost cementious materials in
concrete mixes, as well as a positive environmental profile.
Higher-value mineral additives such as silica fume and metakaolin will
also see greater use in high-performance concrete applications.
Although advances for synthetic fibers will be subpar, demand will be
strong for steel and specialty fibers such as cellulose and
alkali-resistant glass.?
Cement & Concrete Additives
2006/06
Infoshop
http://www.the-infoshop.com/study/fd40172-cement.html
===============================================
Currently, 95 percent of the global cement and concrete additives
market is concentrated in the North America
?Demand for cement and concrete additives in the US will register
gains matching the world average, an impressive performance
considering the high maturity level of the US economy and construction
sector. Higher performance requirements for concrete will result in
increased additive loadings. In addition, the penetration of a number
of key cement additive products such as superplasticizers and set
retarders in the US market has yet to approach the intensity seen in
Western Europe and Japan, although this situation has improved in
recent years and will continue to do so through 2008.?
Mineral additives to supplant portland cement
?Globally, mineral additives such as fly ash and blast furnace slag --
industrial by-products that are readily available in most countries --
are being increasingly used to partially replace the most expensive
component of concrete: portland cement. In doing so, producers of
concrete are realizing significant cost benefits as well as
performance and durability improvements. In addition, governments are
keen on the environmental benefits of replacing portland cement
production (a major energy consumer and a source of greenhouse gas)
with mineral additives such as fly ash (which would otherwise be
disposed of in large landfills).?
Infoshop
World Cement & Concrete Additives to 2008
http://www.the-infoshop.com/study/fd26665_cement_concrete.html
===============================================
?Performance requirements for concrete continue to advance with
additives being the main method of meeting these higher standards.
Demand is growing for concrete with characteristics that include
easier handling, better finish ability, higher strength, and increased
durability, all of which can permit the use of concrete in extreme
environments where such projects have previously been difficult or
altogether impractical.?
Cement and Concrete Additives
2004/09
http://www.the-infoshop.com/study/fd23899_concrete_additives.html
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?World demand for cement and concrete additives is forecast to rise
6.3 percent per year through 2006 to $3.9 billion. Fueling gains will
be an improving construction outlook that will bode favorably for the
global cement market. In addition, higher performance requirements for
concrete will prompt greater use of additives per ton. The fiber and
chemical additive sectors will register the strongest gains,
continuing the trend of the past decade. Currently, 95 percent of the
global cement and concrete additives market is concentrated in the
North America?
Research Studies
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_go2519/is_200301/ai_n7437838
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Leading industry competitors include ISG, Lafarge, SI Concrete
Systems, Lanxess, Holcim, Sika, Rockwood Pigments, MRT, Euclid
Chemical, and AXIM.
http://www.aggregateresearch.com/reports/article.asp?id=5719
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SI Concrete Systems
?Propex Concrete Systems - Propex® Concrete Systems (formerly SI
Concrete Systems) is the exclusive manufacturer of Fibermesh®
synthetic fibers, Novomesh® engineered blended fiber systems, and
Novocon® steel fibers for secondary reinforcement in concrete.?
http://www.asce.org/pressroom/news/display_press.cfm?uid=2609
Macro-synthetic fibers
?Representing a quantum technological leap in fibers, our high
performance polymer macro-fibers are made from a revolutionary
material that offers the long-term performance of steel fibers at a
lower dosage rate. The unique sinusoidal, wavelike shape of each fiber
serves to anchor it firmly within the concrete. At the same time, the
design of the fibers allows for addition at a much higher rate per
unit volume, infusing the concrete with added levels of toughness,
energy absorption and durability. In addition, macro-synthetic fibers
provide an added measure of crack control without the risk of
corrosion associated with steel. When used in shotcrete applications,
these high-tech fibers provide increased adhesion, so you'll not only
experience less rebound and waste, you will be able to apply thicker
layers of concrete in one pass.?
http://www.fibermesh.com/product.aspx?ID=523
Steel Fibers
?Engineered for long-term performance in demanding industrial
applications, the Novocon line of steel fibers is specifically
designed to enhance concrete in its hardened state.?
http://www.fibermesh.com/product.aspx?ID=524
Blended Fiber Solutions
??blended solutions are a combination of micro-synthetic fibers and
either macro-synthetic fibers or steel fibers. The resulting Novomesh
family of products represents the best possible solution to concrete?s
intrinsic flaws throughout its life span.?
http://www.fibermesh.com/product.aspx?ID=536
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"Rockwood Specialties Group"
http://www.rockwoodspecialties.com/rock_english/home.htm
Strong first quarter growth
http://www.rockwoodspecialties.com/rock_english/news_htm/pr_5_06a.htm
Full year results
http://www.rockwoodspecialties.com/rock_english/news_htm/pr_3_06d.htm
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Axim Concrete Technologies, Inc.
?AXIM is a full line manufacturer of chemical admixtures and allied
materials used in the production of concrete."
"AXIM is an integral part of the ESSROC Corporation, a leading cement
producer in North America and subsidiary of the Italcementi Group, a
world-wide building and construction products manufacturer.?
?AXIM holds industry leadership positions in several market segments
including Self-Consolidating Concrete, High Performance Concrete,
Corrosion Inhibition Systems, Concrete Products, and Masonry
Additives.?
http://www.aecinfo.com/1/company/18/84/83/company_1.html
Self-Consolidating Concrete
Admixtures for Producing Flowable and Super-High Strength
Precast/Prestressed Concrete.
?Producing high-strength concrete for precast /prestressed products
was once a labor and energy intensive process - not only during
production but also in the final finishing of the hardened piece.?
?Self-Consolidating Concrete is a free-flowing mix that is measured
using a new standard - the spread test. As a result of the
flowability, vibration is virtually eliminated, labor can be reduced
as much as 80% and the industry-wide, costly practice of rubbing and
patching is not needed! ?
Benefits of producing with Self-Consolidating Concrete:
Reduction of labor cost (as much as 50% - 80%)
Increases in early (initial set) and ultimate (in-place) strength
Improved surface finish (virtually eliminates bug holes)
Reduction of energy costs and noise levels (little or no vibration required)
http://www.aximconcrete.com/
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Cement Substitutes
By-products from other manufacturing or electric generating processes
can be substituted for cement
Summary
?Producing cement uses a great deal of energy, so finding a waste
product that can substitute for cement makes good environmental sense.
According to Environmental Building News (EBN), as much greenhouse gas
is created producing the portland cement used in the U.S. as operating
22 million compact cars. In addition, the U.S. imports about 20% of
the 100 million metric tons (tonnes) of cement it uses annually,
adding to its cost and wasting more energy. Burning coal to make
electric power creates a great deal of waste "fly ash," and a smaller
amount of slag is created when producing iron in blast furnaces. Coal
fly ash, blast furnace slag and other mineral admixtures can
substitute for cement in concrete mixes for buildings, saving energy,
disposing of a waste product, improving the quality of the concrete,
and reducing cost. Cement substitutes should be distinguished from
concrete additives, such as plasticizers and air entrainment agents;
and from aggregate substitutes, such as ground glass or ground scrap
rubber.?
Types of Cement Substitutes
Fly ash
Slag
Silica fume
Rice hull ash
?To varying degrees, cement substitutes work in two ways. First, they
hydrate and cure like portland cement. Second they are "pozzolans,"
providing silica that reacts with hydrated lime, an unwanted byproduct
of concrete curing. Blast-furnace slag is most like portland cement
and least like a pozzolan.?
Air Entrainment and Carbon Content
?Some fly ash, notably most of the Class F fly ash used in the east,
contains high levels of carbon (unburned coal particles resulting from
the lower-temperature "low-NOx" burning that improves air quality).?
Strength
?Strength is improved by the substitution of some mineral admixtures
for portland cement. Class C fly ash and slag improve strength more
than Class F flyash. In applications where high strength is critical
(such as high-rise buildings) silica fume is the cement substitute of
choice, resulting in compressive strengths of 15,000 psi and higher.?
Color
?Class C fly ash results in a buff-colored concrete; Class F is a
darker grey. Slag concrete is lighter in color with high reflectivity.
During curing, slag concrete may show a blue-green mottling, called
"greening." However, the color is usually gone from the surface in a
week. Its disappearance depends on oxidation, so slag cement is not
recommended for swimming pools.?
Weatherability
?There are three weatherability conditions that cement substitutes help alleviate?
?All cement substitutes have the dual benefit of replacing
energy-intensive portland cement, and of using material that would
otherwise be landfilled.?
?Strength is improved by the substitution of some mineral admixtures
for portland cement. Class C fly ash and slag improve strength more
than Class F flyash. In applications where high strength is critical
(such as high-rise buildings) silica fume is the cement substitute of
choice, resulting in compressive strengths of 15,000 psi and higher.?
U.S.Code Acceptance
?There are no regulatory code barriers to the use of concrete
substitutes that provide equal or better performance than portland
cement.?
The primary prescriptive ASTM Standards for cement substitutes are:
ASTM C618-01
ASTM C595-02a
The primary performance-based ASTM Standard for cement is:
ASTM C1157-02
Benefits/Costs
?All cement substitutes have the dual benefit of replacing
energy-intensive portland cement, and of using material that would
otherwise be landfilled. In the case of blast-furnace slag, some waste
product is imported, somewhat reducing its positive energy impact.
Small percentages of fly ash or slag will reduce concrete cost by
replacing higher-cost portland cement. As the percentage of
substitutes rises and water content falls to control strength gain,
superplasticizer additives and more precise control begin to raise the
cost.?
Read the full text of this report at the link below
Toolbase
http://www.toolbase.org/techinv/techDetails.aspx?technologyID=153
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Cement restrictions
?New restrictions on the amount of chromium VI in cement came into
force on 17 January 2005. The Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health (Amendment) Regulations 2004 (COSHH 2004) will prohibit the
supply or use of cement which has a chromium VI concentration of more
than two parts per million. As well as cement itself, the restriction
will apply to a wide range of products that contain cement, such as
mortars, grouts, tile adhesives etc. ?
This legislation is being introduced to help prevent allergic contact
dermatitis, a condition which can occur when wet cement containing
chromium VI comes into contact with the skin. From 17 January 2005
manufacturers will have to add a reducing agent to their products to
bring chromium concentrations down to permitted levels. In addition,
they must provide information on safe shelf life, as the reducing
agent is only effective for a limited period. Cement and cement
products produced and used in controlled and closed systems are exempt
from this restriction.
http://www.hsedirect.com/search/SQL/dataitem.asp?id=49841
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I hope the information provided is helpful!
Best regards,
Bobbie7 |
