How far can one see vertically, horizontally, and depth wise without
moving their head? And how can vision/perception be a tool of
measurement in architecture?

HI,
This is just a free comment, not an "answer" to your question, which
only a G-A Researcher with a blue user name can post.

Do I understand correctly that you are asking about maximum field of
vision, how many degrees from straight ahead one can see right/left,
up and down?

My own estimate is ca. 110° L/R and 80° U/D, but that is only rough,
and only individual.  I am sure it varies.

"And how can vision/perception be a tool of measurement in architecture?"

Can you explain a little what you mean with this question?

Are you asking about ways one can estimate dimensions of/in a building
just by "eyeballing", or maybe with the use one's hands, or a 90° or
45° angle (sheet of paper) to help estimate dimensions?

(For example, by sighting along the lines of 45° angle, bottom
horizontal, top to a point on the building, that point will be roughly
one's distance from the building plus the height of one's eye from the
ground.)

Let us know?

Here's a Wikipedia article that says you can see 180 degrees, but only
140 degrees with binocular vision:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_of_view

However, women have 360 degree vision.