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Subject:
visualizing the atom
Category: Science > Physics Asked by: dudester123-ga List Price: $10.00 |
Posted:
14 Sep 2006 18:17 PDT
Expires: 14 Oct 2006 18:17 PDT Question ID: 765430 |
I know that the atom cannot be seen. May be the exterior of a few large atoms. I know that the inside of an atom cannot be seen. But I would like to find a way to visualize an atom. How can I visualize the inside of an atom? |
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Subject:
Re: visualizing the atom
Answered By: hedgie-ga on 21 Sep 2006 19:49 PDT Rated: |
There are two ways of interpreting your question: 1) Can one shoots small particles into the atoms to gain information about the inside (scattering experiments) 2) Are there some images which represent inside of an atom (scientific visualization of fields inside the atoms) answer to both questions is yes re 1) Today's (planetary) model of atoms was established by Rutherford who used alfa particles to estimate distribution of charges (small positive nucleus and electron cloud). http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/meis/Rutherford.htm However - there is some (mathematical) reasoning between results of experiment and actual map of charges http://library.thinkquest.org/19662/low/eng/exp-rutherford.html re 2) Scientific visualization produces an actual image - in 'false color' of a field in space http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_visualization and maps of fields inside atom, for expample of electron density, has been produced. Are there images available to be seen? http://www-ra.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/software/joelib/screenshots/matlab_povray.html http://www.math.harvard.edu/archive/21b_fall_03/hydrogen/index.html http://web.cs.wpi.edu/~matt/courses/cs563/talks/avs/avs.html http://www.hlrs.de/people/niemeier/vol.html The Nuclear Visualization Software The atomic nucleus is too small to be directly seen, but it can be visualized using the tricks of computer graphics. http://www.res.kutc.kansai-u.ac.jp/~cook/NVSIndex.html http://www.nyu.edu/pages/mathmol/textbook/atoms.html Finally, most direct way of sort of 'seeing' atoms is Atomic Force Microscope http://www.mih.unibas.ch/Booklet/Booklet96/Chapter3/Chapter3.html So far, it can only see outside of atoms forms http://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&q=atomic+force+microscope&btnG=Search Noclear scattering is an important branch of physics http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/rutcon.html http://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&q=nuclear+Scattering&btnG=Search |
dudester123-ga
rated this answer:
THANKS! |
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Subject:
Re: visualizing the atom
From: qed100-ga on 14 Sep 2006 19:25 PDT |
It's generally safe to visualise it the way it's illustrated schematically in physics & chemistry books, as a very compact nucleus enveloped within interfering electronic orbitals. It's quite reasonable to say that the atomic interior *has* been imaged, and that the image is as described above. The imaging of the nucleus was done by Ernest Rutherford's team at the Cavendish Laboratory in the early 20th century, using the scattered trajectories of alpha particles to map the distribution of mass within the atom. |
Subject:
Re: visualizing the atom
From: dudester123-ga on 14 Sep 2006 19:59 PDT |
Are there images available to be seen? What about the idea that the wavelengths we see at (that of em radiation) are wavelengths greater that the size or length or width that subatomic particles exist at & that because of this it's impossible to see inside the atom, or have an image of what the inside of an atom looks like inside the mind's eye, i.e. it makes no sense to try to visualize what an atom looks like..... |
Subject:
Re: visualizing the atom
From: frankcorrao-ga on 14 Sep 2006 20:24 PDT |
That doesn't mean it makes no sense to visualize, it merely means that we will never really see it. To visual, you simply imagine would it would look like if it were blown up. |
Subject:
Re: visualizing the atom
From: qed100-ga on 14 Sep 2006 20:30 PDT |
When I say that the interior has been imaged, I don't mean that something like a snapshot has been taken. An image of the nucleus was extrapolated, inferred, from data aquired in the alpha-particle experiments. From the known kinematics and electrical properties of the alphas, their behavior in response to the atoms in thin foils of gold could be "read", and an image of the nucleus as a small, dense object was arrived at. The evidence favors this modeling of the atomic interior, thus, the interior is imaged by implication. And yes, if the wavelength of light is much larger than the nucleus, then light of that wavelength cannot be used to "see" the nucleus directly. But as I've explained above, light isn't the only thing one can use. The interactions of particles such as alphas (two protons & two neutrons) or even electrons with the nucleus can be used to gather data which reveal much about it, and what has been revealed is that it constitutes most of the mass of a chemical atom in a tiny fraction of its volume, concentrated in the middle. |
Subject:
Re: visualizing the atom
From: techtor-ga on 15 Sep 2006 17:40 PDT |
Based on my last lesson on this in school, the nucleus can be visualized the same way, but the circular orbit idea of the electron is out. The idea is now an electron cloud, where atoms zigzag in their paths around the nucleus. But this was more than 10 years ago, I have yet to find out the latest paradigms on this. |
Subject:
Re: visualizing the atom
From: qed100-ga on 15 Sep 2006 17:55 PDT |
techtor, The electron cloud is still an accurate way to model an orbital. It's effectively been this way since the mid-1920s, when Schrodinger's wave mechanics was introduced. |
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