Directions: Multiple choice please help me to answer the follwoing 
questions.  
  
1.  The notochord induces directly the formation of the:  
  
A. Neural crest  
B. Neurotube  
C. Neuroplate  
D. Rostral neural pore  
E. Caudal neural pore  
  
  
2.     Autonomic nervous system consists of:  
  
A. Parasympathetic neurons  
B. Sympathetic neurons  
C. Preganglionic neurons  
D. Postganglionic neurons  
E. All of these above  
  
3.  The cranial dura differs from the dura covering the spinal cord in 
that: 
  
A. There is an actual epidural space in the skull but not in the 
vertebral column 
B. The cranial dura serves as the periosteum for the skull and the 
spinal dura does  not 
C. The cranial dura has no reflections and the spinal dura has  
D. The cranial dura is immediately adjacent to pia mater and the 
spinal dura is next  to the arachnoid 
   
4.   All of the following are true about the Autonomic nervous system 
EXCEPT: 
  
A. It provides motor innervation of the visceral organs  
B. It provides sensory innervation of the visceral organs  
C. It is a specialized part of the Central and the Peripheral Nervous 
System 
D. It requires two neurons in tandem for proper functioning   
  
5.   Cranial meninges are derived from the:  
  
A. Surface ectoderm  
B. Neural tube  
C. Splanchnic mesoderm  
D. Somatic mesoderm  
E. Neural crest  
  
6.  The major function of pia mater is to:  
  
A. Produce cerebrospinal fluid  
B. Provide vascular supply to the meninges  
C. Provide vascular supply to the brain  
D. Form the sulci  
E. Form the gyri  
  
7.  The neuroepithelium gives rive to all of the following EXCEPT:  
  
A. Ependymal cell  
B. Motor neurons in lateral horn  
C. Motor neuron in ventral horn  
D. Neuroglia  
E. Sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion  
  
8.     Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in all of the following EXCEPT: 
  
A. Lateral ventricles  
B. Third ventricle  
C. Aqueduct  
D. Fourth Ventricle  
  
9.     All of the following are true statements EXCEPT:  
  
A. The mesenchyme in the head region is derived from neural crest 
cells 
B. Mesencephalon is the least modified brain segment as compared to 
the other  primary brain vesicles 
C. Neural plate formation is essential for the formation of the 
primitive streak 
D. Primitive streak formation is essential for the formation of the 
notochord 
E. The neural tube gives rise to the Central Nervous System  
  
  
TRUE OR FALSE.  MARK 'T' FOR TRUE AND 'F' FOR FALSE  
  
 10. A negative Dick test means that the subject is not immune to 
erythrogenic toxin. 
  
11. Erythrogenic toxin producing strains of Streptococcus pyogenes are 
infected with a lytic bacteriophage. 
  
12. Streptococcal M protein is associated with the capsular antigen.  
  
13. The inactivation of streptolysin 0 by cholesterol may be reversed 
by cysteine. 
  
14. Bacillus anthracis may survive in the soil for 20-30 years.  
 
Item 15-19 Multiple choice:

15.   At the end of a quiet expiration the intra-alveolar pressure is: 
 
A. +1 mmHg (above atmospheric)  
 
B. 0 mmHg 
 
C. -1 mmHg 
 
D. -2 mmHg  
 
E. -3 mmHg   
 
 
16.   The increased release of oxygen from hemoglobin in the presence 
of increased PC02 or decreased pH is called the: 
 
 
A. Cushing effect 
 
B. Haldane effect 
 
C. Bohr effect 
 
D. Bering-Breuer effect 
 
E. None of the above  
 
 
17.   The decreased blood total C02 that occurs in the presence of 
high P02 is called the: 
 
 
A. Cushing effect 
 
B. Haldane effect 
 
C. Bohr effect 
 
D. Bering-Breuer effect 
 
E. None of the above  
 
 
18.   The direct stimulus for the central chemoreceptor 
(chemosensitive) are/is: 
 
A. Decreased arterial pH 
 
B. Increased arterial PC02 
 
C. Decreased CSF pH 
 
D. Decreased CSP p02 
 
E. All of the above 
 
19.Trimethoprim acts: 
 
A.to reduce the supply of 1-carbon units 
B. by combining with 80s ribosomes 
C. is an antimetabolite 
D. by blocking utilization of para-amino-benzoic acid (PABA) 
E. by inhibiting bacterial dihydrofolate reductase more than animal 
   dihydrofolate reductase.

1)  The notochord induces the formation of the neural plate - C
http://www-pgss.mcs.cmu.edu/1996/academic/core/core/c1/9.html
search "notochord induces"

2)  All of those are components of the autonomic nervous system - E
http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u05/u05_010.htm
search "autonomic nervous system"

3)  The dura fuses with the periosteum of the skull, not the vertebrae
- B
http://www.rock.sr.unh.edu/ha_p/notes_120301.htm
search "cranial dura periosteum"

4)  The autonomic nervous system is usually described as being
peripheral - C
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/PNS.html
search "autonomic nervous system"

5)  The meninges arise from the neural crest- E
http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/M1/embryology/embryo/08nervoussystem.htm
search "meninges neural crest"

6) The pia mater contains many of the blood vessels for the brain - C
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~cmdis470/protection/protection.html
search "pia function"

7)  Everything but the neurons in the DRG come from the
neuroepithelium - E
http://isc.temple.edu/marino/embryology/Neuro98/neuro_text.htm
search "neuroepithelium development"

8)  CSF is produced in all four ventricles (lateral, 3rd, 4th), not in
the aqueduct - C
http://mcns10.med.nyu.edu/peds/hyd_csf.html
search "CSF formation"

9)  The neural plate develops after the primitive streak - C
http://www.ucch.org/sections/neurosurg/NeuroReview/01-embryology/GastruNeurulation.html
search "primitive streak development"

10) A negative Dick test means that the subject is immune - F
http://www.uic.edu/classes/omds/omds334/ComDis%20I%20for%20web_files/frame.htm#slide0671.htm
search "dick test erythrogenic"

11)  The phage is not lytic - F
http://216.239.33.100/search?q=cache:C4SuVoa3dxAC:www.research.teagasc.ie/vteceurope/PVpapers/tothpv.html+streptococcus+pyogenes+phage+lytic+erythrogenic&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
search "streptococcus pyogenes erythogenic phage"

12)  The M protein is not associated with the capsular antigen,
different species - F
http://www.nuigalway.ie/bac/resp_appendix.htm
search "streptococcus 'm protein' 'capsular antigen'"

13)  I believe that this is true - T
http://www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/~julian/dict2.cgi?6507
search "'streptolysin o' cholesterol oxidation"

14) True
http://www.csa.com/hottopics/anthrax/oview.html
search "anthrax spore survival"

15) At the end of quiet expiration, intra-alveolar pressure equals
atmospheric - B
http://www.wsu.edu/~zool251/TOPIC19.html

16)  This is the Bohr effect - C
http://nowlisten.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bmb401/GandGPowerPoints/chapter15/tsld055.htm
search "bohr effect"

17)  This is the Haldane effect - B
http://www.mds.qmw.ac.uk/biomed/kb/cardioresp/CRstage2lectures/JP1GasCarriage/tsld011.htm
search "haldane effect"

18)  Decreased CSF pH is the stimulation for the central receptors - C
http://www.qldanaesthesia.com/AcidBaseBook/AB2_3B.htm
search "central chemoreceptor CSF"

19)  Trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase - E
http://classes.kumc.edu/son/nurs325/Antibiotics2.pdf
search "trimethoprim mechanism"


synarchy