Dear Truth Seeker,
There is such a thing as artificial urine, which immitates the
composition of "normal" human urine. However, it should be stated here
that "The composition of normal urine is highly variable because our
diet and level of activity are highly variable." (SOURCE: Cornell
Institute for Biology Teachers, Jan 15 2003, "Interpreting Medical
Tests: What's in Urine?",
<http://cibt.bio.cornell.edu/labs/eb/URI_0004.PDF>).
"The following reagents will be necessary for the preparation of
normal human urine (Kark, et al. 1964):
Albumin powder (egg or bovine)
Creatinine
Distilled water
Potassium chloride
Sodium chloride
Sodium phosphate (monobasic)
Urea
A class of 30 students, working in groups of two, would require a
class total of at least 1 liter of artificial urine for specific
gravity and dipstick testing. The following instruction are for the
preparation of approximately 2 liters of normal urine; half can be
stored or used for abnormal urine studies.
To 1.5 liters of distilled water add 36.4 g of urea and mix until all
the crystals are dissolved. Then add 15.0 g of sodium chloride, 9.0 g
of potassium chloride and 9.6 g of sodium phosphate; mix until the
solution is clear. Check the pH with indicator paper or a pH meter to
ensure the pH is within the 5 to 7 pH range for normal urine; if the
solution is out of this pH range the pH may be lowered with 1N
hydrochloric acid or raised with 1N sodium hydroxide.
Next, place a urine hydrometer into the solution and dilute with water
until the solution is within the specific gravity range of 1.015 to
1.025. This solution will serve as the storage stock solution of
?normal urine solution? and may be kept refrigerated for several weeks
or frozen in plastic containers for months. Before use, the stock
solution should be warmed to room temperature. Then, to ensure a
similarity to human urine, 4.0 g of creatinine and 100 mg of albumin
may be slowly mixed into the 2 liters of the so-called normal urine
solution. "
(SOURCE: Brian R. Shmaefsky, "How-To-Do-It - Artificial Urine for
Laboratory Testing", a cached version is available at:
http://209.85.129.104/search?q=cache:z7RhO5cAYGUJ:www.nabt.org/sup/resources/urine.asp+artificial+urine+solution&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1>.
I suggest that you'll save it, as it might "disappear" during Google's
next crawl).
Another source offers a similar forumla:
"Synthetic urine solution2 contains 14.1 g NaCl, 2.8 g KCl, 17.3 g
urea, 1.9 mL of 25% v/v ammonia solution, 0.6 g CaCl2 and 0.43 g
MgSO4, made up to 1 L with 0.02 M HCl solution." (SOURCE: Tran T.
Nham, "Analysis of urine and seawater samples by ultrasonic
nebulization with a high resolution ICP spectrometer",
<http://www.biocompare.com/technicalarticle/1342/Analysis-Of-Urine-And-Seawater-Samples-By-Ultrasonic-Nebulization-With-A-High-Resolution-ICP-Spectrometer-from-Varian-Inc.html>).
Again, synthetic urine is the best you could get at, but it could be
not an exact double of "normal" human urine, because "normal" urine
contains variables that are different from one person to another. In
addition, "Synthetic urine is free of pyrophosphates, organic
macromolecules (matrix) and unspecified substances [...]." (SOURCE:
Bo-Bertil Lind, Zsófia Banb and Stefan Bydén, "Nutrient recovery from
human urine by struvite crystallization with ammonia adsorption on
zeolite and wollastonite", Bioresource Technology
Volume 73, Issue 2 , June 2000, Pages 169-174).
Synthetic/artificial urine is indeed being used in therapy, as you can
see in the following article:
Mayrovitz, Harvey N, Sims, Nancy, "Biophysical effects of water and
synthetic urine on skin" Advances in Skin & Wound Care, Nov/Dec 2001
<http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3977/is_200111/ai_n9017455>
Also see:
Martha M. Christy, "URINE THERAPY A Natural Alternative That Works" ,
Extracted from Nexus Magazine, Volume 3, #2 (February-March 1996).,
<http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/urine.html>
However, it might be a problem to convince those who believe in urine
therapy to buy a synthetic product instead of their own (free)
"products". But that is already a problem of marketing and beyond the
scope of this question.
In addition, it is claimed that the therapeutic characteristics of
urine are mostly due to urea, and urea is already produced
synthetically and is part of several ("conventional") drugs. See for
example Wikipedia:
Urea, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea>
Also see:
H. Kirchmann and S. Pettersson, "Human urine - Chemical composition
and fertilizer use efficiency", Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,
Volume 40, Number 2 / January, 1994 . available for subscribers (in
libraries, academic institutions, etc.) and for a fee ($30) at:
http://www.springerlink.com/content/km386u8967256354/#search=%22chemical%20composition%20of%20a%20normal%20urine%20sample%22
Abstract:
"Stored human urine had pH values of 8.9 and was composed of eight
main ionic species (> 0.1 meq L?1), the cations Na, K, NH4, Ca and the
anions, Cl, SO4, PO4 and HCO3. Nitrogen was mainly (> 90%) present as
ammoniacal N, with ammonium bicarbonate being the dominant compound.
Urea and urate decomposed during storage."
I hope this answers your question. Please contact me if you need any
clarification on this answer. |
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