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Subject:
Surface tension and bonds of molecules
Category: Science Asked by: budman-ga List Price: $3.50 |
Posted:
29 Oct 2002 19:13 PST
Expires: 28 Nov 2002 19:13 PST Question ID: 92716 |
Why is a water drop round when it is in the air and what force causes it to form this sphere. Also if you put a drop on wax paper and on plastic and on paper it forms different drop shapes. Why is this and what force causes this. Why is a bubble round. |
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There is no answer at this time. |
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Subject:
Re: Surface tension and bonds of molecules
From: rupert_sg-ga on 29 Oct 2002 20:18 PST |
Sphere = minimum surface area for a particular volume Shape of drop depends on interaction between water and surface. More hydrophilic surfaces will produce 'flatter' drops due to polar (esp. hydrogen bond) interactions |
Subject:
Re: Surface tension and bonds of molecules
From: askrobin-ga on 29 Oct 2002 20:56 PST |
You're right, chemical bonds between molecules give rise to surface tension. Water molecules readily form hydrogen bonds with one another, lowering their energy relative to an isolated water molecule in air. A water molecule at the air-water interface on the edge of a droplet has fewer hydrogen bonds and is thus slightly higher in energy than those in the interior. Thus there is an energy cost per unit area of interface, and this is the surface tension. The shape that best minimizes surface area also minimizes the total energy, and that optimal shape is a sphere. The surface of a bubble is a thin soap film that responds elastically when stretched or bent. (Stretch it too far and it pops, of course.) For a fixed enclosed volume of air, a free bubble will always form a sphere, again to minimize its total surface area. Unlike a liquid, a crystal has an underlying structural motif that repeats again and again. Slicing a perfect crystal along different planes exposes surfaces with a variety of different structures, and the local surface tension (e.g. in air, or in water or another solvent) can vary significantly from one surface to another. Thus a crystal can develop flat facets and sharp corners, stable structures that are not seen in water or free soap bubbles. The shape of water droplets on wax paper, and paticularly the angle of contact, is determined by the relative surface tension between water/paper, water/air, and air/paper. I'll leave discussion of that topic for the guy/gal who wants to earn $3.50. |
Subject:
Re: Surface tension and bonds of molecules
From: bindusara-ga on 30 Oct 2002 07:49 PST |
The intermolecular forces in a liquid are far greater than that of a gas, which is the reason why they are in two different states. To eloborate on that, the attractive force between water molecules is much greater than the attractive force between air molecules. In water the most dominat force is the hydogen bond of the order of 5 kcal per avagadro number of molecules. But in other liquids with out such strong bonds the Vandervalls forces are the most dominant. In air the vandervals forces are insignificant, which is the reason why the molecules fly about randomly, as if they dont see each other untill they collide. Given this senario, a water molecule on the surface of a drop experiences a strong force from the bulk of water and almost none form the air molecules. Result, there is a net force on the surface molecules directed to the center of the water molecule, to be accurate towards the rest of the molecules. Ofcourse the forces will be balanced eventually by the repulsive forces between the water molecues when they try to get too close. So far I have established the existence of a force on the surface that is directed into the bulk of the water drop. To see why it is a sphere, Imagine any other configuration, and u will see that the internal forces will be balanced only if the inward force from different parts of the surface are equal. Notice the implicit use of Newtons second law, when equilibrium condition was used. If u didn't buy my argument in the second paragraph,you were really thinking, the sphere is only one stable configuration in which water can exist, A buble is an unstable configuration in which forces can be balanced. since the air is trapped there is no way for the air molecules to force ther way out, the water molecules experience a net inward force, this time into the rim, and going by the internal forces argument, again it has to be a sphere. Through out this argument, I have not included gravity to keep it simple. But it should not pose a problem, given the fact that the water is falling freely, which means it has been included in the force balance. Coming to the other question abut shapes on different papers , May I ask how they are different ? I haven't seen them before. |
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