Dear cat66,
I did my very best to assemble a list of restrictions against Jews in
Germany after 1933. It is, however, absolutely impossible to get a
complete list of what was forbidden to Jews, since there have been
numerous local and regional anti-Jewish decrees, such as the marking
of park benches with signs "For Aryans only". A data collection
including all this data would fill several volumes of books.
Nevertheless I am sure the information I found will fulfill your
needs. I described the character of each restriction and I tried to
find exact dates whereever possible.
March 17, 1933 - Jewish physicians are forbidden practice.
April 4, 1934 - Jewish pupils are not allowed to attend higher schools
anymore.
April 7, 1933 - "Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums"
(= Law for the reconstruction of the Civil Servant system); many
Jewish Civil Servants are discharged.
April 21, 1933 - Ritual butcher of animals for nutrition purposes
("Schächten") is forbidden.
April 25, 1933 - Admission of "Non-Aryans" to schools and Universities
is restricted. Jews may not participate in sports contests or be
members of sports clubs anymore.
July 14, 1933 - "Undesired Persons" can be deprived of German
citizenship.
August 22, 1933 - Jews are forbidden to use public beaches in numerous
German cities, such as Berlin-Wannsee, Fulda, Beuthen, Speyer.
October 4, 1933 - "Schriftleiter-Gesetz" (= Editors Law). Jewish press
editors may not practice anymore.
March 3, 1935 - Jewish children have to attend seperate primary
schools.
May 21, 1935 - "Wehrgesetz" (= Conscription Law). "Aryan Descent" is
mandatory for being allowed to serve in the armed forces.
August 31, 1935 - Jewish pupils may not get prizes in honor of
extraordinary performances anymore.
September 6, 1935 - Jewish newspapers may not be sold in the streets
anymore.
September 15, 1935 - "Nürnberger Gesetze" (= Nuremberg Laws),
including the "Reichsbürgergesetz" (= Reich Citizen Law) and the
"Gesetz zum Schutz des deutschen Blutes und der deutschen Ehre" (= Law
for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor).
Central content of the Reich Citizen Law: Jews can not be German
citizens and can not claim equal citizen rights anymore. All Jewish
Civil Servants are dismissed. The law includes a definition of who is
considered a Jew by descent.
Central content of the Law for Protection of German Blood: Jews and
Non-Jews are forbidden to have non-conjugal sexual intercourse). Jews
may not employ any Non-Jewish domestic servants.
September 30, 1935 - As demanded by the Nuremberg Laws, all Jewish
Civil Servants are dismissed.
November 14, 1935 - 1st decree to the Reich Citizen Law: Jews are
forbidden to hold public offices and to participate in any political
voting.
1st decree to the Law for Protection of German Blood: Jews and
Non-Jews are not allowed to marry anymore. Jews are restricted to a
small number of professions; Jewish pupils may not use the same
sporting grounds and locker rooms as Non-Jewish pupils anymore.
March 7, 1936 - Jews have no Reichstag (= Reich Diet) franchise
anymore.
June 12, 1937 - Secret decree: "Schutzhaft" (= Protective Arrest) for
"Rassenschänder" (= those having sexual relations forbidden by the
Nuremberg Laws) after trial.
July 2, 1937 - Jewish pupils who are still in public schools may not
participate in school events anymore.
November 16, 1937 - Jews get travel passports only "in special cases".
February 2, 1938 - Jewish households are cut off from electricity and
gas.
April 26, 1938 - Jews have to report fortunes of more than 5000
Reichsmark.
June 14, 1938 - Decree on registration and public marking of
Jewish-owned businesses. Lists of wealthy Jews are being collected at
revenue offices and police stations.
June 15, 1938 - "Asozialen-Aktion" (= Action against Anti Socials):
All previously convicted Jews (including those with traffic offenses
and similar records) are arrested and brought to Concentration Camps.
July 6, 1938 - The list of professions Jews may not practice anymore
is extended; they can not work as brokers, matrimonial agents and
tourist guides anymore, to name but a few.
July 23, 1938 - Decree that Jews are required to have special
identification cards with them from Jan. 1, 1938.
July 26, 1938 - Decree on cancelling the approbations of all Jewish
physicians from Sept. 30, 1938. After that date, Jewish physicians are
only allowed to work as "Krankenbehandler" (a newly invented term,
meaning 'Person treating the ill') for Jews.
July 27, 1938 - All street names with any Jewish background are
changed.
August 17, 1938 - Decree on the Realization of the Law on Change of
Family Names and Given Names: From Jan. 1, 1939, all Jews are required
to carry "Israel" or "Sara" as additional given name.
September 27, 1938 - Jewish lawyers may not practice anymore.
27.09.38 Jüdische Rechtsanwälte dürfen ihren Beruf nicht mehr ausüben.
October 5, 1938 - Decree on Travel Passports: All passports belonging
to Jews are drawn in and under intentional difficulties newly issued
with a "J" (for Jude, Jew) stamped into them.
October 28, 1938 - Between 15,000 and 17,000 Jews with Polish
citizenship are expelled.
November 7, 1938 - Herschel Grynszpan, whose parents were afflicted by
the expelling of Polish Jews, shoots the German Diplomat Ernst vom
Rath in Paris. As a result, the nationwide pogrom of November 9 is
arranged.
November 11, 1938 - Jews are not allowed to own neither to carry arms
anymore.
November 12, 1938 - Jews may not attend cinemas, theaters, concerts
and exhibitions anymore and are also forbidden to manage shops and
workshops.
Jews may buy food in special shops only.
November 15, 1938 - Jews may not attend German schools anymore.
November 23, 1938 - All Jewish-owned businesses are dissolved.
November 28, 1938 - Jews may at certain times not stay in specified
areas open to the public anymore.
December 3, 1938 - Driving licenses and vehicle registration documents
owned by Jews are drawn in. Jews are forced to sell their businesses
and to deliver all jewellery and securities to the authorities.
December 6, 1938 - "Judenbann" (= Ban of Jews) in Berlin: Jews are
prohibited to enter specified streets, squares etc.
December 8, 1938 - Jewish professors who have been practicing as
private persons at the universities after their dismissals are
forbidden any kind of work at higher schools.
December 13, 1938 - Jews are forced to sell houses, shops and
factories for extremely low prices to Non-Jews.
December 31, 1938 - Jews may not possess automobiles anymore.
January 1, 1939 - All male Jews are forced to carry the additional
given name "Israel", all female Jews the name "Sara".
February 21, 1939 - Jews have to deliver all items of value to the
authorities without any compensation.
April 30, 1939 - Legal preparations for laying together Jewish
families in "Judenhäuser" (= Jews Houses). Eviction Protection is
abolished: Landlords may cancel contracts of Jewish tenats anytime.
September 1, 1939 - Curfew for Jews, in summer after 9 pm, in winter
after 8 pm.
Septmber 29, 1939 - Jews are not allowed to own radios anymore; all
wireless receivers must be delivered to the police.
October 17, 1939 - Jews may not participate in civil air raid
manoeuvers anymore.
October 28, 1939 - Jews must fix a Star of David on their front door.
October 23, 1939 - Jews in occupied Poland have to wear the "Jew Star"
visibly on their clothes.
February 6, 1940 - Jews do not get the Reichskleiderkarte (= purchase
permit for rationed clothes) and no purchase permits for any woven
fabrics anymore.
July 4, 1940 - Jews in Berlin may only shop between 4 and 5 pm.
July 29, 1940 - Jews are not allowed to have telephones anymore.
June 12, 1941 - Jews may, when filling documents and the likes,
declare themselves only as "without belief" when asked for the
religion.
July 31, 1941 - Jews may not lend books from public libraries anymore.
September 1, 1941 - All Jews older than six years of age must
permanently wear the yellow star visibly on their clothes. They are
not allowed to leave their place of residence without permission of
the police anymore.
September 18, 1941 - Jews may not use public transport anymore.
December 18, 1941 - The ID cards identifying Jews wounded as soldiers
in World War I as severely disabled are drawn in.
December 26, 1941 - Jews may not use public telephones anymore.
January 4, 1942 - Jews must deliver all fur coats.
January 10, 1942 - Jews must deliver all their wollen clothes.
February 15, 1942 - Jews may not own pets anymore.
February 17, 1942 - Jews may not get newspapers by mail anymore.
17.02.42 Juden dürfen keine Zeitungen durch die Post beziehen.
March 26, 1942 - Apartments of Jews must be marked by a Star of David
next to the name plaque at the entrance door.
April 1942 - Jews may not visit Non-Jews in their apartments and
houses anymore.
May 15, 1942 - Jews are forbidden to own bicycles.
May 29, 1942 - Jews may get their hair cut by Jewish hairdressers
only.
June 9, 1942 - Jews must deliver all clothes not belonging to their
basic needs.
June 11, 1942 - Jews do not get purchase permits for tobacco and
cigarettes anymore.
June 19, 1942 - Jews must deliver all electrical and optical equipment
and similar items, such as heating ovens, boiling pots, vacuum
cleaners, water heaters, hair driers, irons, record players and
records, typewriters, binoculars, cameras, films etc.
Jews may not enter most shops anymore.
June 20, 1942 - All Jewish schools are closed.
July 17, 1942 - Blind and deaf Jews may not wear signs identifying
them in street traffic anymore.
September 18, 1942 - Jews do not get meat, eggs, white bread, sweets,
fruit, canned fruit and milk anymore.
September 23, 1942 - In tests, the first Jews are mudered in the
Auschwitz gas chambers.
No further restrictions were made after 1942, because there was not
really anything left to restrict. Also, it was not regarded necessary
by the German authorities: On January 20, 1942, a decision was made to
step by step deport all German Jews to the Death Camps in the East.
Sources:
ShoaNet: Glossar des Holocaust, by Bettina Brenner, 2002
http://shoanet.iuk.hdm-stuttgart.de/glossar/glossar.htm
Shoa.de: Das Dritte Reich - Deutschland unter dem Nationalsozialismus,
by Arbeitskreis Shoa, 2002
http://www.shoa.de/das_dritte_reich.html
Einschränkungen im Leben der Juden in Deutschland, by Friesenschule
Leer 2001/2002
http://nibis.ni.schule.de/~rs-leer/gesch/ge0017.htm
Jugendgeschichtswerkstatt: Antisemitische Gesetze
http://www.jugendgeschichtswerkstatt.de/judenverfolgung/startseite.html
Search terms used:
juden einschränkungen:
://www.google.de/search?q=juden+einschr%C3%A4nkungen&hl=de&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&newwindow=1&start=10&sa=N
juden einschränkungen 1942:
://www.google.de/search?q=juden+einschr%C3%A4nkungen+1942&hl=de&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&newwindow=1
reichsbürgergesetz:
://www.google.de/search?q=reichsb%C3%BCrgergesetz&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&hl=de&meta=
judenhäuser:
://www.google.de/search?q=judenh%C3%A4user&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&hl=de&meta=
Hope this is what you were looking for!
Regards,
Scriptor |
