Hello again blucken-ga,
You?ve asked a complex question about a rapidly growing industry.
Defining the field is not obvious as the term ?bioadhesive? is used in
a variety of ways. I?ve chosen a classification method to organize the
material I?ve found. Please don?t hesitate to ask for clarification to
make sure that every aspect of your question is answered.
=======================================================================
BIOADHESIVES / BIOADHESION / BIOBASED-- DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS
- What are the different products that qualify as bioadhesives?
=======================================================================
The terms ?bioadhesive,? ?bioadhesion? or ?biobased? are so new that
they have not yet been recognized in any of the commonly used
dictionaries. The results are not much better in scientific or
specialized dictionaries. The following dictionary searches show
representative search results for ?bioadhesive,? ?bioadhesion? and
?biobased.?
http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=bioadhesive
http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=biobased
http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/bioadhesive
http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/biobased
http://www.onelook.com/?w=bioadhesive&ls=b
http://www.onelook.com/?w=biobased&ls=b
http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary.asp
http://home.nas.net/~dbc/cic_hamilton/dictionary/b.html
http://biotech.icmb.utexas.edu/search/dict-search.html
BioTech -- Life Science Dictionary
1. bio-
Definition: A prefix indicating that the word has something to do with
life, living things, or the science of biology.
Search results show 143 hits for words starting with bio but
bioadhesive is not included.
The next step for finding a definition or classification system for
the terms ?bioadhesive? and ?biobased? is to explore whether there are
industrial, technical, scientific or regulatory definitions or usage
guidelines. The results are still sparse, but some definitions begin
to emerge.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bioadhesive
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Biobase
http://www.ofee.gov/gp/bioprod.html
Biobased products are "commercial or industrial products (other than
food or feed) that are composed in whole or in significant part of
biological products or renewable domestic agricultural materials
(including plant, animal, and marine materials) or forestry
materials."
==
http://www.specialchem4adhesives.com/home/editorial.aspx?id=1116
Exactly what is a Bioadhesive?
The definition of a biomaterial covers a very broad area. In fact, any
natural or synthetic material that interfaces with living tissue and /
or biological fluids may be classified as a biomaterial. Even common
materials, such as polyethylene and fluorocarbons, have shown
usefulness in certain biomedical applications.
==
http://www2.dekker.com/sdek/abstract~db=enc~content=a713553984
Bioadhesion
Published in: Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering
Abstract
Bioadhesion may be defined as the state in which two materials, at
least one of which is biological in nature, are held together for
extended periods of time by interfacial forces. In the context of
their medical and pharmaceutical use, the term bioadhesion refers to
the adhesion of synthetic and biological macromolecules to a
biological tissue. The biological substrate may be cells, bone,
dentine, or the mucus coating the surface of a tissue.
==
http://starbulletin.com/2004/07/04/business/brill.html
Tackling a sticky subject that?s as old as mankind
The difference between glue and adhesive is merely technical, if not
trivial. Most people use the terms interchangeably. Glues are derived
from natural plant and animal sources. Adhesives are based on
synthetic products. All glues and adhesives are polymers and bond to
surfaces not by chemical reaction, but by filling irregularities on
the bonding surfaces; the glue actually sticks to itself chemically
and to surfaces physically.
==
http://www.bio.org/ind/presentations/AdhesivesSealants.pdf
The Biobased Revolution: How Biotechnology and Policy Are Changing the
Way Materials Are Made.
Slide 5
Biotechnology Industry Organization
-- Health Care
-- Food and Agriculture
-- Industrial and Environmental
-- Emerging Companies
Slides 13 ? 14
Industrial Biotechnology
-- Application of life sciences to manufacturing and chemical synthesis
-- Using micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi) to improve manufacturing
process and to make new products from renewable ?biobased? feedstocks.
==
http://xnet.rrc.mb.ca/davidb/examples.htm
Sources of Bioadhesives:
Animal-derived (terrestrial): materials produced by humans using flora
and fauna as raw materials:
-- Mammals: adhesives made from collagen, (Skin/bone) with sugar /
glycerol added for flexibility.
-- Fish: similar to above but with improved temperature resistance,
resistance to water compared to above
-- Egg whites: used for some veterinary casts for fractures
-- Casein glues: protein-based, made from milk precipitated with acid.
In-vivo Adhesives:
-- Rubber tree
-- Triodia sp.(Australia)
-- Algae
-- Spider webs
-- Monarch Butterfly
-- Frogs
-- Mussels
-- Bacterial Adhesives
This classification system differentiates between adhesives that are
derived from the non-adhesive animal-produced materials or materials
derived from animal parts that require human processing to make an
adhesive and adhesives produced by living organisms that may be
adapted to human uses.
==
http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4034
Definition of In vivo
In vivo: In the living organism, as opposed to in vitro (in the laboratory).
==
http://starbulletin.com/2004/07/04/business/brill.html
Tackling a sticky subject that?s as old as mankind
The difference between glue and adhesive is merely technical, if not
trivial. Most people use the terms interchangeably. Glues are derived
from natural plant and animal sources. Adhesives are based on
synthetic products. All glues and adhesives are polymers and bond to
surfaces not by chemical reaction, but by filling irregularities on
the bonding surfaces; the glue actually sticks to itself chemically
and to surfaces physically.
==
http://www.mindbranch.com/products/R1-2946.html
U.S. Markets for Hemostats - Tissue Sealants-Tissue Adhesives and
Adhesion Prevention Products
Published Date: December 2004
Published By: Frost & Sullivan
This analysis of the U.S. markets for hemostats tissue sealants-tissue
adhesives and adhesion prevention products provides an in-depth
overview of different segments. These include topical hemostats
(collagen based topical hemostats and oxidized regenerated
cellulose-based topical hemostat), gelatin-based topical hemostat
(thrombin-based topical hemostat and combination topical hemostat
tissue sealants), fibrin sealants, protein-based sealants,
cyanoacrylate-based tissue adhesives, and adhesion prevention
products. The study also offers information on market forecasts,
drivers, industry challenges, and strategic recommendations to aid
participants capitalize effectively on opportunities for growth.
Industry product classifications
1. Topical Hemostat Market
a. Collagen-Based Topical Hemostat Market
b. Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose-Based Topical Hemostat Market
c. Gelatin-Based Topical Hemostat Market
d. Thrombin-Based Topical Hemostat Market
e. Combination Topical Hemostat Market
2. Tissue Sealants Market
a. Fibrin Sealant Market
b. Protein-Based Tissue Sealant Market
3. Cyanoacrylate-Based Tissue Adhesives Market
4. Adhesion Prevention Products Market
Taking into account all of these definitions and classifications how
are we to organize the research to answer your first question: ?What
are the different products that qualify as bioadhesives?? Further, how
are we to incorporate your ending qualifier: ?I would like to know
this information as it related to BIO-BASED adhesives.?
Since the example you provide is from the health care field I?ve made
the assumption that you?re interested in bioadhesives used in medical
care. The definitions of bioadhesive that apply are ?a material that
interfaces with living tissue and / or biological fluids? and
?bioadhesion refers to the adhesion of synthetic and biological
macromolecules to a biological tissue.? Further, I?ve adopted the
industry product classifications from the Frost & Sullivan market
research report as a good framework for dealing with your questions as
to what differentiates one bioadhesive from another according to
purpose and functionality.
Next, I?ve concluded that your remark about ?BIO-BASED adhesives? and
the example of ?frog glue? means that you?re especially interested in
medical / health care products that are developed either from animal
products or from adhesives produced in nature by animals, plants,
insects, marine mammals, bacteria, etc. Consequently, I will not
include products that are bio-based but are not derived from natural
adhesives.
Although bio-based adhesives and sealants are available for
non-medical uses, I?ve interpreted your question to refer only to
medical and health-care bioadhesives. I?ve provided information about
bioadhesives that are available and have been commercialized along
with information about work in research labs looking for commercial
partners. I?ve also included a selection of additional relevant
research.
I trust that the information I?ve provided is what you?re looking for.
Please don?t hesitate to ask for additional information about any
aspect of this research until you?re completely satisfied that your
question has been answered.
All the best.
~ czh ~
====================================
CYANOACRYLATE-BASED TISSUE ADHESIVES
====================================
http://www.closuremed.com/products_professional.htm
Topical Wound Closure Devices
Internal Tissue Sealant and Surgical Adhesive Devices
http://www.closuremed.com/products_consumer.htm
Our Products: Consumer
-- BIOADHESIVE CATEGORY: Cyanoacrylate-Based Tissue Adhesive
-- NAME: Glue Protein ? Marine Mussels
-- FORMULA: Active ingredient is 2- Octyl Cyanoacrylate
-- GENERIC NAME: Topical Skin Adhesive
-- PRODUCTION METHOD: proprietary
-- MANUFACTURER/MAKER: CLOSURE medical / Johnson & Johnson
-- BRAND NAME: Dermabond / Band-Aid Brand Liquid Bandage.
-- COMMERCIALIZATION: See below for financial reports
-- UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS, DIFFERENTIATORS: reduces pain and improves wound seal
-- USES: replaces sutures for wound care
-- BACKGROUND INFORMATION
http://triangle.bizjournals.com/triangle/stories/2006/02/20/focus3.html
Closure product seals $420M J&J offer
Triangle Business Journal - February 17, 2006
Johnson & Johnson buys Closure Medical
Closing value: $420 million
Date deal closed: March 3, 2005
"We'd had a long-standing relationship with J&J," explains Dan Pelak,
Closure's former chief executive officer, who navigated the company
through the merger. Closure's earlier product, the Dermabond adhesive,
is distributed by J&J in the Band-Aid Brand Liquid Bandage.
The relationship turned to a courtship when European regulators
approved Closure's surgical sealant product, called Omnex, last year.
==
http://www.closuremed.com/faqs_medprof.htm
Topical Wound Closure FAQs
Today we offer several adhesive devices based on the powerful DERMABOND platform.
==
http://www.delftoutlook.tudelft.nl/info/index2b34.html?hoofdstuk=Article&ArtID=3992
Marine mussels clue to medical adhesives
The Johnson & Johnson company has already marketed a skin glue under
the name of dermabond. The active component of the product is
octylcyanoacrylate. In the picture on the left, the glue is used to
hold in place a wound drain. In plastic surgery, the glue is used to
keep the skin closed immediately following the operation.
==
http://www.physiciansweekly.com/sci1.html
Skin Adhesive Closes Surgical Wounds, Shuts Out Bacteria
ROCKVILLE, Md.?The FDA has put its seal on the first topical skin
sealant to offer bacteria-blocking properties. Poised to make a dent
in the incidence of postsurgical infection, Dermabond adhesive
(Ethicon/J&J) was found to be 99% effective in protecting against
staph, pseudomonas, and E. coli when used to close surgical incisions
or trauma lacerations in laboratory studies.
==
http://www.pharmabiz.com/article/detnews.asp?articleid=13609§ionid=46
Cyanoacrylate Technology: Stay Glued
Closure's innovative technology resulted in the development and
commercialization of four revolutionary products: Dermabond for
professional topical wound closure, Soothe-n-Seal for oral care, Band
Aid Brand Liquid Bandage for consumer wound care and Nexaband for
veterinary wound care. They now partner with worldwide market leaders
in five of their target markets. The strategic global partners include
Ethicon, Inc. (a Johnson & Johnson Company), J&J Consumer Products
Company, J&J Wound Management, Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals and Abbott
Laboratories.
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.tycohealth-ece.com/files/d0003/ty_7uisxp.pdf
INDERMIL Tissue Adhesive
-- BIOADHESIVE CATEGORY: Cyanoacrylate-Based Tissue Adhesive
-- NAME: Glue Protein ? Marine Mussels
-- FORMULA: Active ingredient is 2- Octyl Cyanoacrylate
-- GENERIC NAME: Topical Skin Adhesive
-- PRODUCTION METHOD: proprietary
-- MANUFACTURER/MAKER: Henkel Loctite ( Ireland ) Ltd. -- BRAND NAME:
INDERMIL® Tissue Adhesive
-- COMMERCIALIZATION: Syneture division of United States Surgical, a
business unit of Tyco Healthcare
-- UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS, DIFFERENTIATORS: reduces pain and improves wound seal
-- USES: replaces sutures for wound care
-- BACKGROUND INFORMATION
http://www.syneture.com/syneture/pageBuilder.aspx?contentID=67060&webPageID=63676
INDERMIL® Tissue Adhesive Receives FDA Approval as a Microbial Barrier
Syneture's Topical Skin Adhesive Approved as Microbial Barrier for
Lacerations and Surgical Incisions
Norwalk, CT (January 20, 2004) The Syneture division of United States
Surgical, a business unit of Tyco Healthcare, announced today that it
received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to market
INDERMIL® (n-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate) Tissue Adhesive with the
additional claim that it acts as a barrier to microbial penetration as
long as the adhesive film remains intact. INDERMIL® is indicated for
the closure of topical skin incisions and lacerations. It sets into a
thin film over wound edges to seal out common forms of bacteria that
may cause infection. INDERMIL® Tissue Adhesive was developed and is
manufactured by Henkel Corporation through its subsidiary Henkel
Loctite ( Ireland ) Ltd. in Dublin , Ireland , and is distributed by
Syneture.
==
http://www.tyco.com/livesite/Page/Tyco/Our+Businesses/Tyco+Worldwide/Corporate/??&DCRID=1119956898
Indermil® Tissue Adhesive
==
http://www.syneture.com/syneture/pageBuilder.aspx?topicID=354
Indermil® Tissue Adhesive
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.3m.com/product/v_index/Vetbond(TM)_Tissue_Adhesive,_3M(TM)_(EM)_00.jhtml
Vetbond TM Tissue Adhesive, 3M TM
3M TM Vetbond TM Tissue Adhesive (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) provides
quality wound management. It polymerizes in seconds after contact with
tissue and body fluids and binds wound edges together so natural
healing can occur. (Animal Care Products)
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.fuzing.com/vli/000306af8282/AMCRYLATE_-_A_Bio-Adhesive
AMCRYLATE - A Bio-Adhesive
===============================================
RESEARCH LABS -- BIOADHESIVES UNDER DEVELOPMENT
===============================================
http://www.bio.csiro.au/Projects/Bioadhesive.htm
-- BIOADHESIVE CATEGORY: protein-based tissue sealant
-- NAME: amphibian sticky exudate or ?frog glue?
-- FORMULA: under analysis.
The solid glue is a microporous protein-based meshwork. We have
determined the amino acid compositions of the major proteins. A large
hydrophobic protein (TM-1R) predominates and appears to be the key
structural component. A cDNA library has been established and
validated and a partial clone has been obtained for TM-1R.
-- GENERIC NAME: adhesive derived from amphibian skin secretions
-- PRODUCTION METHOD: under development
Synthetic peptides matching key TM-1R sequences have been designed.
Blends of the natural material with other biopolymers are being tested
in a quest for enhanced functionality. Recombinant expression of the
partial TM-1R clone is being commenced.
-- MANUFACTURER/MAKER: CSIRO is seeking a partner to continue development.
-- BRAND NAME: n/a
-- COMMERCIALIZATION: Not commercialized
-- UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS, DIFFERENTIATORS:
-- USES: Prospective products: medical adhesives and biomaterial for
various medical uses.
-- BACKGROUND INFORMATION
http://www.csiro.au/
http://www.csiro.au/csiro/channel/_ca_dch30,,.html
CSIRO, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organisation, is Australia's national science agency and one of the
largest and most diverse research agencies in the world.
http://www.bio.csiro.au/Default.htm
http://www.csiro.au/csiro/content/standard/psib,,.html
CSIRO Biotechnology
CSIRO is at the forefront of biotechnology research in Australia. Our
diverse capabilities in biotechnology cover all fields of human
health, agricultural, environmental and industrial biotechnologies.
==
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16283759&dopt=Abstract
Biomacromolecules. 2005 Nov-Dec;6(6):3300-12
Characterization of a protein-based adhesive elastomer secreted by the
Australian frog Notaden bennetti.
-------------------------------------------------
http://biomaterials.bme.northwestern.edu/
Messersmith Research Group
-- BIOADHESIVE CATEGORY: Tissue adhesion and adhesion prevention
-- NAME: mussel adhesive protein
-- FORMULA: amino acid, DOPA (dihydroxyphenylalanine) and
polyethylene glycol (PEG)
-- GENERIC NAME: n/a
-- PRODUCTION METHOD: n/a
-- MANUFACTURER/MAKER: Developed by Northwestern University.
-- BRAND NAME: n/a
-- COMMERCIALIZATION
The new compound has not yet undergone animal or human testing ? If
all goes well in future studies, the compound could be used in medical
devices in 3 to 5 years.
-- UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS, DIFFERENTIATORS: one side sticky, other
side antifouling coating.
-- USES: coating on implanted medical devices
-- BACKGROUND INFORMATION
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/04/030408085244.htm
April 8, 2003
Compound Developed From Mussels May Lead To Safer, More Effective Medical Implants
==
http://biomaterials.bme.northwestern.edu/mussel.asp
Mussel Adhesive Protein Mimetics
One of the unique structural features of mussel adhesive proteins
(MAPs) is the presence of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), an
amino acid that is believed to be responsible for both adhesive and
crosslinking characteristics of MAPs.
Despite extensive studies conducted by Herbert Waite and others that
have led to an increased understanding of these remarkable natural
adhesives, there remains an incomplete understanding of their adhesive
and cohesive mechanisms. Furthermore, mussel adhesive mimetic polymers
have not been extensively developed for medical applications.
Finally, we are also utilizing mussel adhesive protein mimetic
peptides to anchor nonfouling polymers onto surfaces for control of
biointerfaces.
==
http://biomaterials.bme.northwestern.edu/biointerfaces.asp
Biointerfaces/Biofouling Research
We are exploring new biomimetic approaches to anchoring of nonfouling
polymers onto biomedically relevant surfaces, with the goal of
rendering implants/devices resistant to cell and protein adsorption.
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.vet.purdue.edu/cpr/riyi/papers/2003_NinanetalBiomaterials.pdf
Adhesive strength of marine mussel extracts on porcine skin.
==
http://www.purdue.edu/UNS/html4ever/2004/040112.Wilker.mussels.html
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-01/nsf-ccs010704.php
http://www.primidi.com/2004/01/12.html
January 12, 2004
Purdue chemist 'mussels' in on secrets of natural adhesives
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - Purdue University scientists have found the
glue that saltwater mussels use to affix themselves to rocks is a
subject worth sticking to, both for its pure scientific interest and
for its potential applications in medicine and industry.
------
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/wilker/
Purdue University, Wilker Research Group
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.inl.gov/factsheets/docs/blue_mussel.pdf
Idaho Natural Laboratory
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.mvssolutions.com/PBC_ad-pro.html
MVS Solutions Technology Marketplace
Recombinant Mussel Adhesive Protein for Medical and Industrial Application
========================================================
MARINE INVERTEBRATES ? MUSSELS, SEA CUCUMBERS, BARNACLES
========================================================
http://www.technologyforgrowth.co.uk/mainsite/info/infopages/enviro/nimfiweb.htm
Drugs from Bugs
Adhesion
Many invertebrates rely on adhesion for stability, for example marine
molluscs attached to rocks. Bioadhesives can act both as lubricants
and adhesives, as in the case of mollucsan slime, which may for
example facilitate the movement of a slug over dry ground, whilst also
maintaining its position on smooth vertical surfaces. Adhesion is
usually accomplished by means of proteins with varying amounts of
carbohydrate depending on the function. Limpets for example produce
two kinds of mucous; adhesive and non-adhesive, the former containing
higher amounts of carbohydrate and each mucous having different
proteins. Barnacle cement contains a mixture of highly hydrophobic
proteins which are crosslinked by disulphide bridges and is highly
resistant to both chemical and microbial attack. The sea star Asteria
rubens secretes a protein-carbohydrate with allows it to temporarily
adhere to its substrate. Another secretion is produced to release it.
The adhesive protein of the mussel Mytilus edulis facilitates the very
strong adhesion of the mussel to rocks intertidal zones where adhesion
both in wet and dry conditions is required. The protein with 20%
lysine residues is highly basic in nature and consists of repetitive
sequences, reminiscent of structural proteins, and is rich in
hydroxyproline and dihydroxyphenylalanine.
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.extra.rdg.ac.uk/eng/BIONIS/current_issues.htm
http://www.nature.com/news/2004/040105/full/040105-13.html;jsessionid=68F8BE8B4FB834167D54084844FBD7D3
Superglue from the sea
Chemists show how mussels get a grip.
From Nature Science Update, 12 January 2004
The secret of how mussels glue themselves to rocks, ropes and boats
has been unpicked by chemists. The discovery could lead to new
surgical adhesives or paints that stop barnacles from sticking to the
underside of boats.
-------------------------------------------------
://www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&q=glue+protein+of+ribbed+mussels+%28Geukensia+demissa%29%3A+&btnG=Search
glue protein of ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa):
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.cheng.cam.ac.uk/research/groups/biosci/sk_research.html
Synthetic Polymer Mimics of Mussel Adhesive Proteins
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15932281&dopt=Abstract
Biotechnol Prog. 2005 May-Jun;21(3):965-70.
Expression of functional recombinant mussel adhesive protein type 3A
in Escherichia coli.
Mussel adhesive proteins, including the 20-plus variants of foot
protein type 3 (fp-3), have been suggested as potential
environmentally friendly adhesives for use in aqueous conditions and
in medicine.
-------------------------------------------------
http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/42/6/1107
Biomechanics of Adhesion in Sea Cucumber Cuvierian Tubules
(Echinodermata, Holothuroidea)1
Several species of sea cucumbers, all belonging to a single family,
possess a peculiar and specialized defense system, the Cuvierian
tubules. It is mobilized when the animal is mechanically stimulated,
resulting in the discharge of a few white filaments, the tubules. In
seawater, the expelled tubules lengthen considerably and become sticky
upon contact with any object. The adhesiveness of their outer
epithelium combined with the tensile strength of their collagenous
core make Cuvierian tubules very efficient at entangling and
immobilizing most potential predators.
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.biochemj.org/bj/071/0578/0710578.pdf
Studies of Invertebrate Collagen Preparations.
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.healthtech.com/2002/fsc/index.htm
Tissue Sealants and Adhesives
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.biochemj.org/bj/356/0503/bj3560503.htm
Biochem. J. (2001) 356 (503?507) (Printed in Great Britain)
Novel barnacle underwater adhesive protein is a charged amino
acid-rich protein constituted by a Cys-rich repetitive sequence
Barnacle cement is an underwater adhesive that is used for permanent
settlement, and is an insoluble protein complex.
========
BACTERIA
========
http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/3258.html
Nature's strongest glue could be used as a medical adhesive
April 7, 2006
BLOOMINGTON, Ind. -- A bacterium that lives in rivers, streams and
human aqueducts uses nature's strongest glue to stay in one place,
according to new research by Indiana University Bloomington and Brown
University scientists reported in next week's (April 11) Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences.
===================================================
MISCELLANEOUS BIO-BASED TISSUE ADHESIVES / SEALANTS
===================================================
http://www.bio.org/ind/presentations/AdhesivesSealants.pdf
The Biobased Revolution: How Biotechnology and Policy Are Changing the
Way Materials Are Made.
Slide 5
Biotechnology Industry Organization
-- Health Care
-- Food and Agriculture
-- Industrial and Environmental
-- Emerging Companies
Slides 13 ? 14
Industrial Biotechnology
-- Application of life sciences to manufacturing and chemical synthesis
-- Using micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi) to improve manufacturing
process and to make new products from renewable ?biobased? feedstocks.
Slides 27 ? 34
Biobased Adhesives & Sealants ? Breakthroughs
-- Case Study ? Acrylamide Monomer (Mitsubishi Rayon, Japan)
-- Case Study ? Biobased Acrylic from 3HP (Cargill / Codexis)
Slides 35 ? 57
Other Biobased Platforms Moving to Market
-- Succinic Acid (Mitsubishi Chemical, Diversified Natural Products)
-- Lactic Acid (Cargill-Dow / Nature/Works
-- Soybean Oil/Protein (Rohm and Haas)
-- Starch (corn, potato, wheat, tapioca)
-- Casein from skimmed milk
-- Vegetable gums
-- Livestock derivatives
-- Marine organism derivatives
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.extra.rdg.ac.uk/eng/BIONIS/current_issues.htm
BIONIS
The Biomimetics Network for Industrial Sustainability
Gecko feet
From e4engineering.com, 04 January 2005
Autumn's new research found that the microscopic adhesive hairs - or
setae - that create the gecko's adhesive qualities are also the first
known self-cleaning adhesive. According to Autumn, gecko setae
isolated from the gecko become cleaner by themselves
-------------------------------------------------
http://news.man.ac.uk/1054290245/index_html
Spiderman Becomes a Reality at The University of Manchester
Posted on Friday May 30, @11:24AM
Scientists at The University of Manchester have developed a new type
of adhesive, which mimics the mechanism employed by geckos (a type of
lizard) to climb surfaces, including glass ceilings.
Researchers within the newly opened Manchester Centre for Mesoscience
and Nanotechnology at the University have been working on the new
adhesive since 2001, after learning the mechanism of gecko's climbing
skills from biophysicists. Now they have been able to manufacture
self-cleaning, re-attachable dry adhesives, and the research team
believes it won?t be long before ?Spiderman? gloves become a reality ?
particularly useful for rock climbers and window cleaners.
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.livescience.com/technology/050413_nature_glue.html
New Glue Derived from Clinging Mussels
posted: 13 April 2005
Scientists have derived a new glue from a natural adhesive made by
rock-clinging mollusks. It could provide an environmentally friendly
alternative to current wood-binding materials.
===============================================
GENERAL RESOURCES ? REPORTS, ARTICLES, RESEARCH
===============================================
http://www.extra.rdg.ac.uk/eng/BIONIS/
Biomimetics: Engineering learning from nature
Biomimetics is an enabling discipline which looks towards nature for
ideas that may be adapted and adopted for solving problems:
-------------------------------------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanoacrylate
Cyanoacrylate is the generic name for substances such as
methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, which is typically sold under trademarks like
Superglue and Krazy Glue, and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate, which is used in
medical glues such as Dermabond and Traumaseal. Cyanoacrylate
adhesives are sometimes known as "instant adhesives". The acronym "CA"
is quite commonly used for industrial grades.
===============
SEARCH STRATEGY
===============
biological glue
tissue adhesives OR sealants
animal exudate biological OR bio-based glue OR adhesive
glue based on the adhesive used by marine mussels
mussel adhesive protein
mussel adhesive
frog glue OR exudate adhesive
Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive brand |
